Lethal and sublethal toxic effects of a test chemical (ivermectin) on the Yellow Dung Fly Scathophaga stercoraria based on a standardized international ring test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A standardized bioassay using the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Diptera: Scathophagidae), was developed to test the lethal and sublethal toxicity of parasiticide residues in livestock dung. The repeatability of the bioassay was assessed for the parasiticide, ivermectin, in thirteen tests performed in seven laboratories in Germany, the UK, Switzerland and Canada. Test results had an acceptable range of heterogeneity. The calculated concentration at which 50% egg-adult mortality was observed (Effect Concentration (EC50) averaged 20.8 +/- 19.1 (Standard Deviation (SD)) microg ivermectin / kg fresh dung (range: 6.33 - 67.5). Mortality was not observed below an average calculated No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 8.1 +/- 7.7 microg / kg. However, prolonged developmental time, and in a subset of tests reduced body size, was observed above an average calculated NOEC of 0.8 +/- 0.8 microg / kg. An oviposition choice test revealed further that yellow dung fly females do not discriminate among dung of different ivermectin concentrations. We conclude that the yellow dung fly is suitably sensitive, and the methods sufficiently repeatable, to support use of this standardized bioassay by the international community in the registration of new veterinary pharmaceuticals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".