A SEDIMENTOLOGICAL RECORD OF MIS 5e IN THE NEGEV DESERT, ISRAEL: COUPLING DATA FROM HEAVY MINERALS WITH OPTICALLY STIMULATION LUMINESCENCE SENSITIVITY AND HYPERSPECTRAL CATHODOLUMINESCENCE OF QUARTZ GRAINS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A previous study using OSL dating and tephra chronology showed that the peak of human occupation at the Nahal Aqev site in the Negev Desert was during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e period. To appraise changes in boundary conditions at this location that could favor human settlements, this present study focuses on sedimentological and luminescence analyses of 11 samples from an 8-m section encompassing artifact-rich archeological and non-archeological layers dated within the range of MIS 5e–3. Quartz is the predominant siliciclastic mineral throughout the section, followed by feldspar, clays, and heavy minerals. The heavy mineral assemblage and ratios confirm a Nilotic origin of these sediments. When converting our hyperspectral cathodoluminescence data into a chromaticity diagram, we find a shared cluster of data present in all samples, suggesting that the sources of quartz have remained unchanged during MIS 5e–3. Statistical parameters of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of quartz grain data show that the samples from the archeological layers present a lower average and dispersion of data than the others, indicating fewer cycles of burial and bleaching. Moreover, the grain-size distribution data and grain texture analyses show that the archeological samples are confined to the moderately well-sorted, very-fine sand category comprised mostly of angular grains. In turn, the non-archeological layers show moderately sorted fine sand dominated by rounded grains. Our data suggest a fast-track transportation of sediments from the Nile Basin to the Negev Desert during MIS 5e that agrees with recent studies showing a significant increase of rains in northern Africa that triggered a nine-fold discharge increase in the flow of the Nile River. The effect of these changes is also reflected by additional analyses in the sediments from Nahal Aqev, showing higher magnetic susceptibility and concentration of Fe, Th, and SiO2 and a decrease in U. Also, celestine is found only in sediments deposited during MIS 5e, suggesting an above-normal presence of water in the Levant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".