Tropidurus madeiramamore Carvalho, Paredero, Villalobos-Chaves, Ferreira, Rodrigues & Curcio, 2024, sp.nov.

Tropidurus madeiramamore sp.nov. (Figs. 2, 9A–C, 10, 11A, B) LSID: https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 740FE136- CE17-4393-85F7-BEEC5CF2837E Tropidurus torquatus hispidus – Cunha, 1961. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Zoologia 39: 76 [part]. Tropidurus oreadicus – Rodrigues, 1987. Arquivos de Zoologia 31: 188 [part]. Tropidurus grupo torquatus sp. A – Nascimento et al., 1988. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Zoologia 4: 32 [part]. Tropidurus oreadicus – Vitt, 1993. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 2371 [part]. Tropidurus oreadicus – Vitt & Caldwell, 1993. Journal of Herpetology 27: 51 [part]. Tropidurus oreadicus – Ávila-Pires, 1995. Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 195 [part]. Tropidurus oreadicus – Ribeiro-Júnior, 2015. Zootaxa 3983: 30 [part]. Holotype: MZUSP 107155, adult male from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 21.5″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.6″W; ~ 178 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 15 November 2017. Allotype: MZUSP 107158, adult female from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 22.5″S, 63°04 ʹ 23.6″W; ~ 167 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 15 November 2017. Paratypes: MZUSP 107156 and 107157, adult females from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 22.9″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.2″W; ~ 170 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 15 November 2017. MZUSP 107159 and 107160, adult females from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 21.4″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.5″W; ~ 162 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. MZUSP 107161, adult female from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 22.3″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.3″W; ~ 178 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. MZUSP 107162, adult female from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 21.8″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.1″W; ~ 178 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. MZUSP 107163, adult female from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 21.3″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.4″W; ~ 173 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. MZUSP 107164, adult female from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 22.0″S, 63°04 ʹ 24.0″W; ~ 176 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. MZUSP 107165, adult male from Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Município de Itapuã de Oeste, Estado de Rondônia, Brazil (09°12 ʹ 22.5″S, 63°04 ʹ 23.9″W; ~ 173 m a.s.l.), collected by A. L. G. Carvalho and R. C. B. Paredero on 16 November 2017. Common names: ‘Lagartixa preta’ (black lizard), ‘lagartixa’, ‘calango’, South American collared lizard. Diagnosis: Tropidurus madeiramamore qualifies as a member of Tropidurus Wied, 1825 by having a series of morphological characters indicated by Frost et al. (2001) as exclusive to the genus: skull not highly elevated at the level of the orbits; presence of ‘flash’ marks on ventral surface of thighs; circumorbitals distinct from other small supraorbital scales; lateral fringe not developed on both sides of toe IV; enlarged middorsal scale row absent; and tail terete. The new species fits the definition of the Tropidurus torquatus species group (sensu Frost et al. 2001) by lacking an enlarged middorsal scale row (well marked in species of the T. spinulosus group, more pronounced in males), by the black coloration of the ‘flash’ marks on the underside of the thighs and cloacal flap of adult males (yellow, cream, or orangey ‘flash’ marks occur in males of the T. spinulosus group), and by lacking a dorsoventrally flattenedbody (stronglyflattenedinspeciesofthe T.semitaeniatus group and, more moderately, in T. bogerti). Tropidurus madeiramamore is distinguished from other members of the T. torquatus species group by the following combination of traits: a single, extremely wide and deep mite pocket on the lateral neck; post-humeral (axillary) and prefemoral (inguinal) mite pockets absent; posterior ventral head and throat coloration black; venter dark pigmented (light in some females, rarely in males) and/or mottled chest, with a tendency towards melanism observed especially in males; black ‘flash’ marks on the precloacal flap, underside of thighs, ventral base of the tail, and area near the base of toe I (and non-rarely of finger I) in males; and saxicolous habit. Comparisons: Tropidurus madeiramamore is distinguished from all its congeners in the T. torquatus species group but T. oreadicus in having mite pockets Type D (sensu Rodrigues 1987), characterized by the presence of a single granular mite pocket on the lateral neck and no post-humeral (axillary) or prefemoral (inguinal) mite pockets. However, the lateral neck mite pocket of T. madeiramamore ismuchwideranddeeperthanthatof T.oreadicus (Fig. 2). The new species differs specifically from T. azurduyae, T. catalanensis, T. chromatops, T. cocorobensis, T. etheridgei, T. hygomi, T. imbituba, T. psammonastes, T. sertanejo, and T. torquatus in having one mite pocket on the lateral neck (these species have two, except T. sertanejo, which lacks lateral neck mite pockets). It also differs from T. catalanensis, T. erythrocephalus, T. hispidus, T. insulanus, T. imbituba, T. montanus, T. mucujensis, T. sertanejo, and T. torquatus in lacking post-humeral mite pockets (present in these species) and from T. catalanensis, T. erythrocephalus, T. imbituba, T. itambere, T. montanus, T. mucujensis, T. sertanejo, and T. torquatus in lacking prefemoral mite pockets (present and usually well marked in these species). Tropidurus madeiramamore differs from all congeners in being the only highly chromatically polymorphic species of Tropidurus (Fig. 5). The species usually has a dark-pigmented venter (light in some females, rarely in males) and/or mottled chest, tending to intense melanism, a unique condition in the genus. It also differs from all other congeners in the fact that most specimens exhibit a line (white or black) on the mid-flank, interrupted or continuous. Specimens of the T. torquatus – T. catalanensis – T. imbituba species complex may exhibit a dark longitudinal stripe on the flank (usually present in females) outlined by pale coloration or well-defined white lines, but such a stripe (when present) covers the whole upper flank, differing from the thin dark line observed on the mid-flank of T. madeiramamore. The new species is most similar in coloration to T. oreadicus but exhibits a grey or brownish grey dorsal background and orange tones embellishing the head, dorsum, and flanks in both sexes, whereas T. oreadicus (Figs 9D–F, 11F, 12) has a light brown or greenish brown dorsum (populations with orangey specimens are rare; e.g. Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil). Tropidurus madeiramamore is distinguished from all species in the T. torquatus group in having large male specimens with black flash marks on the posteriormost portion of the tibial region towards the base of toe I (and sometimes also near the base of finger I). Regarding flash marks, it also differs from most congeners in that group (except T. itambere and T. psammonastes) in having a black triangular flash mark on the ventral base of the tail, and from T. azurduyae, T. catalanensis, T. chromatops, T. cocorobenis, T. etheridgei, T. imbituba, T. itambere, and T. torquatus in lacking a midventral ‘flash’ mark (in some of these species, the midventral flash mark is present only in large adult males). Tropidurus madeiramamore is a medium-sized lizard (SVL: 67.59–103.84 mm in males and 61.31–82.39 mm in females) that broadly overlaps most species in the T. torquatus species group in size (Carvalho et al. 2016, 2018) but T. hygomi (SVL: 54.15–67.30 mm in males and 60.27–65.37 mm in females), T. cocorobensis (SVL: 54.15–67.30 mm in males and 60.27–65.37 mm in females), and T. itambere (SVL: 62.28–84.77 mm in males and 58.88–77.43 mm in females). In terms of ecology, the saxicolous habit distinguishes T. madeiramamore from T. cocorobensis, T. hygomi, and T. psammonastes, which are strictly psammophilous. Description of holotype (MZUSP 107155; Figs 2, 9A–C, 10, 11A, B): Medium-sized male specimen of Tropidurus, SVL 96.25 mm; head subtriangular, length 28% of SVL and width 72% of head length; skull not compressed, not strongly elevated at level of orbits; snout rounded in dorsal view, rostrum not noticeably shortened relative to most other species in the genus; scales of frontonasal region tumescent, not imbricating posteriorly; lenticulate scale organs distributed on the head, more abundant on the rostral, frontonasal, supraocular, lorilabial, and labial areas; rostral tall, approximately three times (in lateral view) as high as first supralabial, contacting first supralabials, first lorilabials, nasals, and postrostrals; 2/1 postrostrals; nasal single, protruding, pentagonal, elongated anteroposteriorly, with the tip of the pentagon directed anteriorly, in contact with rostral, 1/1 post-rostral, anteriormost canthal, and 5/5 smaller scales separating it posteriorly from larger scales of the frontonasal area; nostril elliptical, occupying ~20–25% of nasal area, positioned posteriorly, directed dorsolaterally; 3/3 canthals, anteriormost separated from supralabials by 1/1 row of lorilabials, third one not in contact with anteriormost superciliary and anteriormost preocular; 9/8 laminate superciliary scales weakly produced vertically; 1/1 row of short semilaminate scales separating superciliaries from palpebrals; palpebrals subgranular, central ones forming the up

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