Bibliographic record
Abstract
The site of Dura Europos was built along the banks of the Euphrates river in present-day Syria. Founded as a fortified settlement in 300 BCE by the Hellenistic king, Seleukos Nikator, at a strategic location in a frontier region. It grew to develop a Hippodameian town plan (orthogonal city blocks) and strong fortification walls and gates. It was conquered by the Parthians in 113 BCE, the Romans in the 2nd c. CE, and destroyed by the Sasanids in 256 CE. Whether the city was completely abandoned after this siege is debated. Dura was a very multicultural city from its foundation as its various rulers tolerated a vast multiplicity of cultures, ethnicities, languages, and religious traditions. There were many cults from different cultures present in the city co-existing throughout its existence: Parthian, Semitic, Greek, Roman, Jewish, Christian--and hybrid manifestations of these various religious traditions. The second Roman conquest of Dura under Lucius Verus coincided with the introduction of the cult of Mithras to the city. A mithraeum (temple to Mithras) was built by Imperial troops in 168 CE in a room at a private house along the NW fortifications of the city. It was renovated and enlarged around 209 and ultimately destroyed in 256 when the space was filled in to strengthen the fortification walls for the impending Sasanid siege. The mithraeum was excavated from 1934-1935 by the joint Yale-French team excavating the city. The mithraeum was afterwards dismantled and transported to the Yale University Art Gallery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".