Tylopilus pygmaeus A. C. Magnago & R. M. Silveira 2017, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tylopilus pygmaeus A.C. Magnago & R.M. Silveira sp. nov. Fig. 4. Mycobank: MB 819524 Type: — BRAZIL, Bahia, Itacaré, Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru, 30 November 2012, Col. Rezende DHC & Montoya CAS, Magnago AC 486 (holotype: FLOR 51612!) GenBank accession: ITS = MF113421, 28S = MF113429. Etymology: — from the Latin pygmaeus = small, short; referring to the small size of the basidiomes. Pileus 11−26 mm broad, at first parabolic, becoming plano-convex with age, brown (OAC 638) to tannish brown (OAC 721), velutinous, dry, becoming dark brown when bruised, margin slightly inrolled and entire when young; context 3−7 mm, cream (OAC 683). Tubes 3−6 mm long, adnate, slightly depressed around stipe, whitish then pale pinkish; pores 2−4 per mm, angular, staining light brown under pressure. Stipe 22−35 × 4−8 mm, central, sub-equal, glabrous to velutinous, cream to light pinkish brown; context cream (OAC 683); extreme base with white mycelium. Basidiospores 7−9 × 4−5 μm (Qm=1.69), ellipsoid in frontal view, the inner side applanate to phaseoliform in side-view, hyaline, inamyloid, smooth, thin walled, hilar appendage 0.5−1 μm long. Basidia 25−35 × 8−10 μm, clavate, thin walled, hyaline, inamyloid; 4-sterigmate, 3−4 μm long. Cystidia abundant on pores (cheilocystidia) and tubes (pleurocystidia), not differentiated from each other, projecting slightly or not, 24−39 × 8−11 μm, ventricose-rostrate to lageniform, the majority with golden brown contents, strongly dextrinoid but some hyaline and without contents. Hymenophoral trama boletoid in a gelatinized matrix, mediostratum of many narrow parallel to interwoven hyphae, 3−5 μm wide, these yellow to light yellow, lateral stratum hyphae 3−11 μm wide, hyaline, strongly divergent. Pileipellis a trichodermium consisting of erect to sub-erect terminal hyphae, cylindrical to fusoid, 28−73 × 8−10 μm, differentiated like pileocystidia, with golden brown contents and dextrinoid. Pileus trama interwoven; hyphae 4−6 μm wide, light yellow, some with granular dextrinoid contents. Stipitipellis hymeniform, terminal hyphae 23−42 × 7−11 μm, clavate to ventricose, with golden brown contents, strongly dextrinoid; caulobasidia present. Stipe trama subparallel to interwoven hyphae, vertically arranged, hyphae 3−10 μm wide, light yellow. Clamp connections absent. Macrochemical reactions: not observed. Spore print pinkish. Habit and habitat: — Gregarious on sandy soil under broadleaf trees in Northeastern Atlantic Forest. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL, Amazonas, Tylopilus arenarius Sing. Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí, km 45, 3 February 1978, Singer B 10590 (INPA- type !); Tylopilus potamogeton Sing. Rio Negro, 20 km ca. de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, 20 January 1978, Araujo, I. 938 (INPA!); Tylopilus aquarius var. aquarius, Igarapé do Tarumãzinho, 14 December 1978, Singer B 11433 (INPA- type !). Comments: — Tylopilus potamogeton is morphologically similar to T. pygmaeus by having small basidiomes, a velutinous brownish pileus, and a whitish to pinkish hymenophore. Tylopilus potamogeton differs mainly by its cinnamon to fuscous umber stipe that is densely fibrillose and tomentose at the base, and the hymenophore does not turn brown when bruised. Microscopically the arrangement and appearance of cystidia, pileipellis and stipitipellis are similar, however, T. potamogeton has longer basidiospores (9−12 × 6−8 μm), cystidia that are hyaline, fusoid and mucronate. Tylopilus aquarius var. aquarius can be differed by the dimorphic basidiospores (8−11.5 × 5−7.5 and 11−16 × 5−6 μm), and versiforme cystidia. Tylopilus arenarius differs by the whitish to slightly lilac pileus, reticulation on the upper third of the stipe, larger basidiospores (7−9 × 4−5 μm) and cystidia that are fusoid to ampullaceous (Singer et al. 1983, Barbosa-Silva et al. 2017).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".