Sclerocoelus vulgatus Kuwahara, Marshall & Paiero, 2025, sp. nov.

Sclerocoelus vulgatus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7533119A-3F7A-4669-A2F7-324AFEF17694 Figs 9H, 144–146 Etymology The species name (from the Latin ‘ vulgatus ’, meaning ‘make common’) refers to the abundance and wide distribution of S. vulgatus sp. nov. in Central and South America. Material examined Holotype COSTA RICA • ♂; Puntarenas, Monteverde Reserve; 1500 m a.s.l.; Feb. 1980; W. Mason leg.; cloud forest; MNCR. Paratypes COSTA RICA – Puntarenas • 13 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; CNCI • 14 ♂♂, 33 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; MCR. – San José • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Moravia, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path; 10°02′58″ N, 84°00′57″ W; 1600 m a.s.l.; 30 Aug.–6 Sep. 2013; Proyecto ZADBI leg.; Malaise trap #1, 0 m.; MNCR. Other material examined COSTA RICA – Alajuela • 1 ♀; Quesada, Albergue Pozo Verde; 1800 m a.s.l.; 10°15′15.1″ N, 84°22′18.4″ W; 21 Apr. 2023; S.A. Marshall leg.; from foliage over refuse pile under Eciton burchellii bivouac; DEBU • 22 ♂♂; Volcán Tenorio, N slope; 1000 m a.s.l.; 18 Jun. 2000; S.A. Marshall leg.; trail to laguna, sweeping; DEBU • 1 ♂; Volcán Tenorio, N slope near Bijagua Biological Station; 700 m a.s.l.; 18 Jun. 2000; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep over Atta mound; DEBU. – Cartago • 1 ♂; La Suiza de Turrialba; Jul., P. Schild leg.; (“ L. Opacifrons coxata Stenh. Det Spuler ”); USNM • 2 ♂♂; La Suiza de Turrialba; Jul., P. Schild leg.; (“ L. Scotophilella rectangularis Mal. det Spuler”); USNM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Aug.; USNM • 1 ♂; La Suiza de Turrialba; Jul.; P. Schild leg.; (“ L. Scotophilella regularis Mal. det Spuler”); USNM • 1 ♀; Tapantí National Park; 1550 m a.s.l.; 7–12 Oct. 1999; Marshall and Buck leg.; pans in fallen tree; DEBU • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tapantí National Park; 1650–1750 m a.s.l.; 7 Oct. 1999; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep trail; DEBU • 3 ♂♂; Tapantí National Park, above ranger station; 1250 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 1999; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep trail/road; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Tapantí National Park, Arboles Caídos Trail; 1200 m a.s.l.; 4 Oct. 1999; Marshall and Buck leg.; trail sweep; DEBU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 1300 m a.s.l.; 9/ 11 Oct. 1999; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep; DEBU • 3 ♀♀; Tapantí National Park, Macizo de la Muerte, La Esperanza del Guarco; 9°42′00″ N, 83°51′49″ W; 2700 m a.s.l.; 17–18 Aug. 2001; S.A. Marshall leg.; oak forest, treefall pans; DEBU • 2 ♂♂; Tapantí National Park, near Catarata trail; 1450 m a.s.l.; 4 Oct. 1999; S.A. Marshall leg.; roadside, sweeping leaf litter; DEBU • 34 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Tapantí National Park, near west entrance; 1150 m a.s.l.; 11 Oct. 1999; Marshall and Buck leg.; trail to hydro tower/creek, sweeping; DEBU • 21 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Tapantí National Park, outside near west entrance; 1150 m a.s.l.; 8–9 Oct. 1999; Marshall and Buck leg.; sweep trail; DEBU • 1 ♀; Tapantí National Park, Ranger Station; 1200 m a.s.l.; 7–12 Oct. 1999; M. Buck leg.; hand/pan traps in decaying vegetation; DEBU • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; pans in kitchen refuse; DEBU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9–12 Oct. 1999; Buck and Marshall leg.; human dung, hand and traps; DEBU. – Heredia • 1 ♂; 16 km SSE of La Virgen; 10°16′ N, 84°05′ W; 1050–1150 m a.s.l.; 20 Feb. 2001; transect; DEBU • 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Braulio Carrillo National Park; 1400–1500 m a.s.l.; 11 Apr. 1985; H. Goulet and L. Masner leg.; cool moist river bed, Selva Premontana; CNCI • 2 ♂♂; Moravia, near border of Braulio Carrillo National Park; 3–4 Mar. 1996; L. Masner leg.; creek bed, yellow pans; CNCI. – Puntarenas • 1 ♀; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Derrumbe; 10°55′45″ N, 85°27′51″ W; 1220 m a.s.l.; 30 Oct. 2014; D.H. Janzen and W. Hallwachs leg.; forest, Malaise trap; BIOUG31500-D07 / GMCDA368-16 sequenced for CO1-5’; BIOUG • 2 ♂♂; 2000 m a.s.l.; 12 Jul. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 1 ♂; Las Alturas Biological Station; 1550 m a.s.l.; 17 Aug. 1995; T. Pape leg.; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Las Alturas; 1500 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; forest-pasture margin, sweep; DEBU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Las Alturas; 1500–1700 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep; DEBU • 3 ♂♂; Las Alturas; 1600 m a.s.l.; 11–14 Aug. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; Malaise trap; DEBU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15. Aug. 1995; ground Eciton raid; DEBU • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; swept over dung; DEBU • 1 ♂; Las Alturas, trail to Cerro Chai; 1700–2100 m a.s.l.; 13–15 Aug. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 18 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Monteverde Biological Reserve; 1500 m a.s.l.; 26 May 1998; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep; DEBU • 82 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11 Jun. 2000; M. Buck leg.; cloud forest, sweep; DEBU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; S.A. Marshall leg.; on log over trail; DEBU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 12 Jun. 2000; on dung; DEBU • 49 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11–13 Jun. 2000; cloud forest; DEBU • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12–13 Jun. 2000; M. Buck leg.; cloud forest, pans along stream; DEBU • 20 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 13 Jun. 2000; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 13–14 Jun. 2000; M. Buck leg.; cloud forest, pans along stream; DEBU • 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 14 Jun. 2000; sweeping treefall and trail; DEBU • 20 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; treefall sweep and pans; DEBU • 1 ♀; Monteverde Biological Station; 1500 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun. 2000; M. Buck leg.; white pans in kitchen compost; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 13 Jun. 2000; DEBU • 11 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Monteverde Biological Station, lower trail; 26 May 1998; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 4 ♀♀; Monteverde Reserve; 1550 m a.s.l.; 15–20 Jul. 1986; L. Masner leg.; CNCI • 5 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀; Monteverde Reserve; 1500 m a.s.l.; 15–20 Aug. 1986; L. Masner leg.; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Monteverde; 1500 m a.s.l.; 20 Feb. 1980; D.M. Wood leg.; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; Monteverde; 1500 m a.s.l.; 29 Feb. 1980; W.R. Mason leg.; cloud forest; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; Mason and Wood leg.; rainforest; CNCI • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Monteverde; 1500 m a.s.l.; 11–18 Jul. 1983; D.H. Lindeman leg.; fruit pitfall trap; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 1520 m a.s.l.; flight-intercept trap; CNCI • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15–23 Jul. 1983; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 18–25 Jun. 1983; CNCI • 1 ♂; Monteverde, 25 Feb. 1991; H. and A. Howden leg.; flight-intercept trap; CNCI • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 27 Feb. 1991; dung traps; CNCI • 8 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; flight-intercept trap; CNCI • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀; Monteverde, Finca Canada; 1500 m a.s.l.; 5 Jun. 1988; B.V. Brown leg.; DEBU • 1 ♀; Monteverde, high pass between Pacific and Atlantic slopes; 10°18′ N, 84°48′ W; 1570 m a.s.l.; 3 Feb. 1986; A. Forsyth leg.; ROME • 4 ♂♂; Monteverde, Pension Queteal; 10°18′ N, 84°49′ W; 24 May 1987; A. Norrbom leg.; on human dung; DEBU • 6 ♂♂; Monteverde; 25 May 1998; S.A. Marshall leg.; sweep near Biological Station; DEBU • 1 ♂; San Gerardo; 1200 m a.s.l.; 15 Dec. 1994; D.C. Caloren leg.; sweep in banana grove; DEBU. – San José • 21 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Highway 2, km 68; 6 Aug. 1995; D.C. Caloren leg.; around Sphagnum bog/pond, sweeping; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; San Gerardo de Dota; 9 Aug. 1995; S.A. Marshall leg.; disturbed area near river, sweep; DEBU • 1 ♂; Zurquí de Moravia; 1600 m a.s.l.; Mar. 1981; P. Hanson leg.; DEBU. GUATEMALA – Baja Verapaz • 13 ♂♂, 50 ♀♀; 4.8 km W of Purulhá; 1680 m a.s.l.; 29 Jun.–3 Jul. 1993; J.S.Ashe and R.W. Brooks leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC • 13 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; 7.4 km S of Purulhá; 1650 m a.s.l.; 2–3 Jul. 1993; J.S. Ashe and R.W. Brooks leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC • 1 ♀; 17 km N of Salama, Highway 5; 1700 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun.–3 Jul. 1993; J.S. Ashe and R.W. Brooks leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC • 1 ♂; Biotopo Quetzal; 15°12′44″ N, 90°12′57″ W; 1740 m a.s.l.; 7–10 May 2009; cloud forest, near stream, Malaise trap; UVGC. – Quetzaltenango • 2 ♀♀; 8 km SE of Quetzaltenango, Zunil; 2630 m a.s.l.; 17–19 Jun. 1993; J.S. Ashe and R.W. Brooks leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC. – San Marcos • 1 ♀; 8 km N of San Lorenzo; 4–18 Jul. 1986; J.M. Campbell leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 13 Jul. 1986; DEBU. – Zacapa • 1 ♀; 1.5 km E of Rio Mondo; 350 m a.s.l.; 27 Jun. 1993; R.W. Brooks and J.S. Ashe leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC • 4 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀; 3.5 km SE of La Union; 1500 m a.s.l.; 23–25 Jun. 1993; J.S. Ashe and R.W. Brooks leg.; flight-intercept trap; SEMC • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 25–27 Jun. 1993; SEMC. HONDURAS – Olancho • 21 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀; La Muralla National Park; 15°05′49″ N, 86°44′17″ W; 1450 m a.s.l.; 4–7 Jul. 2002; Smith and Ocampo leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU. MEXICO – Chiapas • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; 5 km NNW of Coapilla; 17°10′56″ N, 93°09′06″ W; 1910 m a.s.l.; 25 May 2008; 2° mesophyll forest, Malaise trap; DEBU • 12 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀; Logos de Montebello, Lago Pojoj; 1500 m a.s.l.; 2–12 Jun. 1990; B. Gill and H. Howden leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU. NICARAGUA – Jinotega • 1 ♀; Reserva Natural Cerro Kilambé; 13°34′09″ N, 85°39′27″ W; 1500 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2011; cloud forest, ex. sifted leaf litter; DEBU. PANAMA – Chiriquí • 1 ♂; Hartmann’s Finca; 1700 m a.s.l.; 28 Jun.–3 Jul. 1981; B. Gill leg.; DEBU. PERU – Loreto • 1 ♂; 1.5 km N of Teniente Lopez; 230–305 m a.s.l.; 22 Jul. 1993; R. Leschen leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU. TOBAGO – Eastern Tobago • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Charlotteville, Mon-o-War Bay cottages; 26–31 Jun. 1993; S. and J. Peck leg.; littoral rainforest, UV light; DEBU. VENEZUELA – Aragua • 1 ♀; Henri Pittier National Park, Portachuelo Pass, Rancho Grande; 10 Apr. 1994; L. Masner leg.; Malaise trap; CNCI. Description BODY (Fig. 144A). Length 2.4–3.8 mm. Head dark brown, lower third of frons, gena, and antennae orange; face orange-brown. Frontal width 2.2–2.3× frontal height. Three pairs of strong interfrontal bristles surmounting a very fine fourth pair; anterior orbital 0.5–0.6 × length of posterior. Palpus yellow. Eye large, greatest height about 4.0× shor

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