Pseudophacopteron aewagriini Percy & Martoni 2025, sp. nov.

Pseudophacopteron aewagriini Percy & Martoni sp. nov. Figs 8, 9, 10 Type locality. Norfolk Island, Norfolk Island National Park, Red Road Track, on Alyxia gynopogon on side of track. Dislodged beating host plant onto tray and collected using entomological aspirator. Type material. Holotype: Norfolk Island • 1 adult ♂; Norfolk Island National Park, Red Road Track; 17 Oct. 2022; Francesco Martoni leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; sweeping; entire specimen mounted on card triangle, deposited at VAIC. Labels: “ Norfolk Island N. P. / Red Road Track / 17 - Oct- 2022 F. Martoni / On Alyxia gynopogon ” (printed on white card); “ HOLOTYPE ♂ / Pseudophacopteron aewagriini / Percy and Martoni 2025 ” (printed on red card). Paratypes: Norfolk Island • 5 adult ♂♂, 5 adult ♀♀; same data as the holotype, dissected specimens mounted on microscope slides, deposited at VAIC • 1 adult ♂, 2 adult ♀♀; same data as the holotype, entire specimens mounted on card triangle, deposited at ANIC • 16 adult ♂♂, 18 adult ♀♀; Norfolk Island National Park, Bridle Track; 15 Oct. 2023; James M. H. Tweed leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at VAIC • 2 adult ♂♂, 2 adult ♀♀, same as for preceding; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at NHMB • ~ 200 immatures; Norfolk Island National Park, Red Road Track car park; 08 Nov. 2023; James M. H. Tweed leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at VAIC • 1 adult ♂, 3 adult ♀♀; Norfolk Island National Park, Forbidden Track; 20 Feb. 2023; James M. H. Tweed leg.; On Alyxia gynopogon; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at VAIC • 3 adult ♂♂; Norfolk Island National Park, Red Road Track; 15 Oct. 2022; Francesco Martoni leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at VAIC • 4 adult ♂♂; Norfolk Island National Park, Palm Glen; 11 Jul. 2013; Alice Wells leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; AW-12-95; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at DMPC • 3 adult ♂♂, 2 adult ♀♀,; Norfolk Island National Park, Palm Glen; 22 Oct. 2013; Laurence Mound leg.; on Alyxia sp.; LAM 5815; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at DMPC. All paratypes are labelled as “ PARATYPE ♂ - ♀ / Pseudophacopteron aewagriini / Percy & Martoni 2025 ” (printed on blue card). Other material examined. Norfolk Island • ~ 20 immatures; Norfolk Island National Park, Red Road Track; 14 Mar. 2022; Francesco Martoni leg.; on Alyxia gynopogon; entire specimens preserved in ethanol, deposited at VAIC. Not included in the type series because they were damaged during a semi-destructive DNA extraction protocol. Diagnosis. The shape of the fore wing of P. aewagriini, which is elongate and narrow (> 2.6 × longer than wide), as well as the pigmentation pattern, clearly aligns this taxon with other Pseudophacopteron in the Austro-Pacific region (Malenovský 2008); the type species, P. tuberculatum Crawford, as well as most other taxa also found on Apocynaceae host plants, have a fore wing that is pyriform and broad (length <2.6 × width) (Malenovský 2008; Malenovský and Burckhardt 2009; Malenovský et al. 2015). A similar narrow wing morphology to that of P. aewagriini can be observed in some of the African Pseudophacopteron species such as P. nigritulum Malenovský and Burckhardt and P. wagneri Malenovský and Burckhardt (Malenovský and Burckhardt 2009), but in these cases the vertex lacks a distinct median ridge, and only P. wagneri is possibly associated with Apocynaceae. See also the Remarks section below. Description. Colouration. Adult. Head pale brown. Antennae with segments 1 and 2 brown, segments 3–8 of a very pale brown, and segments 9 and 10 dark brown tending to black. Thorax mostly dark brown but with medial line crossing mesoscutum and mesopraescutum lighter. Legs with dark brown femora and basal part of tibiae, and with pale brown apical part of tibiae and tarsi (Fig. 8 A – D). Fore wings hyaline, with dark brown pattern covering basal 1 / 3 of wing and reaching wing apex in the basal portion of cell r 2 as a band along posterior wing margin, leaving small transparent areas in cells cu 2, cu 1, m 1 and m 2; dark pattern also covering the proximal part of fore wing, reaching the vein C + Sc, crossing the middle of cell c + sc and the bifurcation of stem R + M + Cu (Figs 8 E, F, 9 A, B); fore wing veins pale brown or dark brown in areas covered by dark pattern. Hind wing pale to darker brown basally (Fig. 9 B). Male and female terminalia pale brown to pale yellow. Female proctiger darker on the tip. Immature (5 th instar). Body uniformly dark yellow-brown (Fig. 8 G). Structure. Adult. Body relatively small, 1.5–1.9 mm from anterior margin of vertex to tip of folded wings (males smaller than females) (Fig. 8 A – D). Head (Figs 8 A – D, 9 D – F, H – J) in lateral view not deflexed downward and held in same plane as body, wider than thorax but narrower than antennal length, vertex width almost 3 × length, with prominent narrow median ridge and two bulges anteriorly either side of ridge, lateral ocelli raised on small tubercles above the plane of vertex, median epicranial suture reduced. Genae (Fig. 9 E, F) small, weakly swollen, genal tubercles below toruli small and acute, prominent in lateral profile. Clypeus (Fig. 9 G) subglobular, terminal proboscis segment short. Antenna (Fig. 9 H) with ten segments, segment 3 longest with segments 4–8 of subequal length, widening slightly from base to apex, segment 9 slightly shorter and wider apically, while segment 10 very short, <1 / 2 the length of segments 3–8 and ~ 1 / 2 the length of segment 9; a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4–9, large, elliptical and fringed by cuticular spines; terminal setae unequal, with longer seta reaching 0.1 mm, shorter seta between 1 / 2–2 / 3 length of longer and approx. as long as segments 9 and 10 combined. Thorax (Fig. 9 I – K) moderately arched, mesoscutum with reduced microsculpture and pigmentation in medial depression. Mesotibia with subapical comb of ≤ 6 stout setae. Hind legs (Fig. 9 M – O) with small, acute and slightly curved meracanthus; metafemur constricted medially, length subequal to metatibia; metatibia without genual spine basally, with an open crown of seven unsclerotised spurs apically and ≤ 12 stout lateral setae more slender than apical spurs; metabasitarsus subglobular, approx. as long as broad, slightly shorter than apical tarsus, with two sclerotised lateral spurs. Fore wing (Figs 8 E, F, 9 A, B) elongate, 2.6–2.8 × longer than wide, much wider in apical half, rounded at apex; cell m 1 narrower and more elongate than cell cu 1, vein M approx. as long as vein Rs to the point it meets vein M 1 + 2 and only slightly arched; membrane with dispersed spinules distributed in all cells and with spinule-free bands along veins, radular spinules concentrated into small triangular fields in outer pigmented corners of apical cells cu 1, m 2, m 1, and the adjacent corner of r 2 (Fig. 9 C). Male terminalia (Fig. 10 A – C) with subgenital plate subglobular, dorsal margin slightly sinuate and posteriorly bearing several long stout setae; proctiger relatively slender, cylindrical, in lateral profile straight except apex which is slightly bent posteriorly; parameres simple, shorter than proctiger, in lateral profile parallel sided and more or less straight, apex bluntly rounded and slightly bent posteriorly, inner surface with a weakly produced and marginally sclerotized tooth subapically; outer and inner surface covered with fine setae and a few slightly stouter setae subapically. Distal segment of aedeagus relatively short, apical portion ~ 1 / 3 as long as the distal segment length, somewhat elongate, broadly globular, unhooked but angled downward, apex rounded. Female terminalia (Fig. 10 D – G) with proctiger much longer than subgenital plate, narrowing to bluntly acute apex covered in stout setae, anal ring narrowly oval with the outline in profile and dorsal view irregular, composed of a double row of intermittently irregular pores, anal ring length ~ 1 / 3 proctiger length; subgential plate ~ 2 / 3 proctiger length, narrowing to a truncate, weakly incised apex; ovipositor dorsal valvulae triangular, ventral valvulae finely serrate with a series of shallow teeth ventrally. Immature (5 th instar): body ~ 1.75 × as long as wide, relatively large in size compared to the adult, shape narrowly oval, dorso-ventrally flattened, wing pads not protruding (Fig. 8 G). Entire margin of head, wing pads and abdomen ringed with longitudinally ridged, truncate marginal setae with apices raggedly uneven (Fig. 8 G). Antenna short, length ~ 0.32–0.45 × head width, with ~ 7 indistinct subdivisions (rhinaria not clearly visible). Fore wing pads lacking distinct humeral lobes, but with slight anterior bulges. Tarsal arolium shorter than claws, membranous, fan-shaped with unguitractor, claws well developed (Fig. 8 H). Anus in ventral position (Fig. 8 G), circumanal ring shallowly V-shaped, antero-posteriorly constricted and slightly sinuous, consisting of a single row of elongate pores (Fig. 8 I). Measurements (in mm). Adults (5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀). Length of body (vertex to terminalia) ♂ 1.01–1.17, ♀ 1.22–1.35; length of body (vertex to apex of folded wings) ♂ 1.55–1.80, ♀ 1.78–1.93; width of head (HW) ♂ 0.37–0.42, ♀ 0.40–0.45; length of antenna (AL) ♂ 0.40–0.44, ♀ 0.47–0.51; longer antennal terminal seta length (T 1) ♂ 0.06–0.09, ♀ 0.07–0.10; shorter antennal terminal seta length (T 2) ♂ 0.03–0.05, ♀ 0.04–0.06; length of antennal segments 9 and 10 together (TS) ♂ 0.05–0.06, ♀ 0.06–0.07; length of fore wing (WL) ♂ 1.27–1.40, ♀ 1.40–1.57; width of fore wing (WW) ♂ 0.45–0.52, ♀ 0.51–0.58; length of line connecting base of vein C + Sc and apex of vein R 1 (CS) ♂ 0.51–0.58, ♀ 0.59–0.65; length of line connecting base of vein C + Sc and costal break (CB) ♂ 0.46–0.52, ♀ 0.51–0.59; length of line connecting the touching point of veins Rs and M 1 + 2 and apex of

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