Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mimoides Brown, 1991 is a subgenus of Eurytides Hübner, [1821] Previously placed in the genus Mimoides Brown, 1991 (type species Papilio ariarathes, Esper, 1788), Papilio phaon Boisduval, 1836 is sister to Eurytides marcellus (Cramer, 1777) among butterflies of Canada and the US, and is phylogenetically close to Eurytides philolaus (Boisduval, 1836), suggesting that it should be placed in the genus Eurytides Hübner, [1821] (type species Eurytides iphitas Hübner, [1821]) (Fig. 1). Additionally taking into account that Mimoides species are close to each other as evidenced by their morphology (Tyler et al. 1994) and COI barcodes (Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007), we propose to treat Mimoides as a subgenus of Eurytides among its other subgenera: Protesilaus Swainson, [1832] (type species Papilio protesilaus Linnaeus, 1758) and Neographium Möhn, 2002 (type species Papilio philolaus Boisduval, 1836). Curiously, Papilio marcellus Cramer, 1777 is in the same clade with Mimoides, but is in a different clade from Neographium, and therefore should be included in the subgenus Mimoides despite the similarity in wing patterns to Eurytides (Neographium) philolaus. Finally, application of the genus Protographium Munroe (1961) (type species Papilio leosthenes E. Doubleday, 1846) to the New World is unwarranted, because genomic data show that the Australian endemic P. leosthenes is sister to another Old World genus Graphium Scopoli, 1777 (type species Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758) and is in a different clade from Eurytides (including Mimoides and Neographium) (Fig. 1). Eurytides versus Protographium is yet another case of striking wing pattern convergence in butterflies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".