Chlosyne flavula subsp. blackmorei Pelham 2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chlosyne flavula blackmorei Pelham, 2008 and Chlosyne palla sterope (W. H. Edwards, 1870) may be sympatric in British Columbia, Canada We proposed to treat Chlosyne flavula (W. Barnes & McDunnough, 1918) (type locality USA: Colorado, Garfield Co., Glenwood Springs) as a species distinct from Chlosyne palla (Boisduval, 1852) (type locality in USA: California, Plumas Co.) based on notable genetic differentiation and limited gene exchange between these two taxa (Zhang et al. 2023d). However, the ultimate evidence of distinction at the species level comes from finding two taxa in sympatry. Genomic sequencing of additional specimens from the Pacific Northwest reveals that the two species may be sympatric in Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada, where a specimen of Chlosyne flavula blackmorei Pelham, 2008 (type locality Canada: British Columbia, Lytton) (NVG-24014H10, Fig. 1a) and a specimen of Chlosyne palla sterope (W. H. Edwards, 1870) (type locality in USA: Oregon, Wasco Co.) (NVG-24015A09, Fig. 1b) were collected by J. K. Jacob five days apart. However, the locality “Osoyoos” specified on the labels may refer to a general area only. Thus, further genomic sequencing to include various localities, especially from Idaho, will shed more light on the question about the sympatry of C. palla and C. flavula. In the nuclear genomic tree, these two specimens from “Osoyoos” are placed in different clades corresponding to their species (Fig. 2 blue and red, highlighted yellow). Moreover, all additional specimens we sequenced are confidently attributed to their distinct clades by species and, within each species clade, by subspecies and their localities. Species clades are supported by bootstrap values of 100%, and no hybrids are observed. These additional results confirm that Melitaea sterope is a subspecies of C. palla and not of Chlosyne acastus (W. H. Edwards, 1874) (type locality in USA: Utah, probably Utah Co.) (Zhang et al. 2022c), and that C. flavula is a species distinct from C. palla.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".