Bibliographic record
Abstract
Singularity 3.6.0 is an important security release, as well as including a large number of new features and improvements. Please read the release notes below carefully, especially regarding the security content and compatibility of SIF signatures. In particular, note that 3.6.0 necessarily uses a new format for SIF signatures, which is incompatible with older versions of Singularity. 3.6.0 has a --legacy-insecure flag to verify the older insecure signatures temporarily if needed in your workflows, but older versions cannot verify containers signed by 3.6.0. Security related fixes Singularity 3.6.0 introduces a new signature format for SIF images, and changes to the signing / verification code to address: CVE-2020-13845 In Singularity 3.x versions below 3.6.0, issues allow the ECL to be bypassed by a malicious user. CVE-2020-13846 In Singularity 3.5 the --all / -a option to singularity verify returns success even when some objects in a SIF container are not signed, or cannot be verified. CVE-2020-13847 In Singularity 3.x versions below 3.6.0, Singularity's sign and verify commands do not sign metadata found in the global header or data object descriptors of a SIF file, allowing an attacker to cause unexpected behavior. A signed container may verify successfully, even when it has been modified in ways that could be exploited to cause malicious behavior. Please see the published security advisories at https://github.com/hpcng/singularity/security/advisories for full detail of these security issues. Note that the new signature format is necessarily incompatible with Singularity < 3.6.0 - e.g. Singularity 3.5.3 cannot verify containers signed by 3.6.0. We thank Tru Huynh for a report that led to the review of, and changes to, the signature implementation. New features / functionalities Singularity now supports the execution of minimal Docker/OCI containers that do not contain /bin/sh, e.g. docker://hello-world. A new cache structure is used that is concurrency safe on a filesystem that supports atomic rename. If you downgrade to Singularity 3.5 or older after using 3.6 you will need to run singularity cache clean. A plugin system rework adds new hook points that will allow the development of plugins that modify behavior of the runtime. An image driver concept is introduced for plugins to support new ways of handling image and overlay mounts. Plugins built for <=3.5 are not compatible with 3.6. The --bind flag can now bind directories from a SIF or ext3 image into a container. The --fusemount feature to mount filesystems to a container via FUSE drivers is now a supported feature (previously an experimental hidden flag). This permits users to mount e.g. sshfs and cvmfs filesystems to the container at runtime. A new -c/--config flag allows an alternative singularity.conf to be specified by the root user, or all users in an unprivileged installation. A new --env flag allows container environment variables to be set via the Singularity command line. A new --env-file flag allows container environment variables to be set from a specified file. A new --days flag for cache clean allows removal of items older than a specified number of days. Replaces the --name flag which is not generally useful as the cache entries are stored by hash, not a friendly name. A new '--legacy-insecure' flag to verify allows verification of SIF signatures in the old, insecure format. A new '-l / --logs' flag for instance list that shows the paths to instance STDERR / STDOUT log files. The --json output of instance list now include paths to STDERR / STDOUT log files. Changed defaults / behaviours New signature format (see security fixes above). Environment variables prefixed with SINGULARITYENV_ always take precedence over variables without SINGULARITYENV_ prefix. The %post build section inherits environment variables from the base image. %files from ... will now follow symlinks for sources that are directly specified, or directly resolved from a glob pattern. It will not follow symlinks found through directory traversal. This mirrors Docker multi-stage COPY behaviour. Restored the CWD mount behaviour of v2, implying that CWD path is not recreated inside container and any symlinks in the CWD path are not resolved anymore to determine the destination path inside container. The %test build section is executed the same manner as singularity test image. --fusemount with the container: default directive will foreground the FUSE process. Use container-daemon: for previous behavior. Fixed spacing of singularity instance list to be dynamically changing based off of input lengths instead of fixed number of spaces to account for long instance names. Deprecated / removed commands Removed --name flag for cache clean; replaced with --days. Deprecate -a / --all option to sign/verify as new signature behavior makes this the default. Bug Fixes Don't try to mount $HOME when it is / (e.g. nobody user). Process %appinstall sections in order when building from a definition file. Ensure SINGULARITY_CONTAINER, SINGULARITY_ENVIRONMENT and the custom shell prompt are set inside a container. Honor insecure registry settings from /etc/containers/registries.conf. Fix http_proxy env var handling in yum bootstrap builds. Disable log colorization when output location is not a terminal. Check encryption keys are usable before beginning an encrypted build. Allow app names with non-alphanumeric characters. Use the base metapackage for arch bootstrap builds - arch no longer has a base group. Ensure library client messages are logged with --debug. Do not mount $HOME with --fakeroot --contain. Fall back to underlay automatically when using a sandbox on GPFS. Fix Ctrl-Z handling - propagation of signal. Thanks to our contributors for code, feedback and, testing efforts! As always, please report any bugs to: https://github.com/sylabs/singularity/issues/new If you think that you've discovered a security vulnerability please report it to: security@sylabs.io Have fun!
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.203 | 0.240 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".