Relationship of ABO blood groups with Body mass index and hypertension in medical students.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ABO blood group system was discovered by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner in 1900.1 Its regulation is under the control of ABO gene expression.2 Genes for ABO antigens are located on chromosome number nine. The major blood groups of ABO system are A, AB, B and O. The A and B antigens are oligosaccharide, expressed on erythrocytes, platelets, vascular endothelium and tissue cells.3 Several epidemiological studies have reported that the distribution of different ABO blood groups vary markedly among the populations of different geographical areas reflecting racial differences.4Since the discovery of the ABO system, its significance regarding evolution, paternity transfusion and genetic study, as predictor of national suicide rate, are all well documented by past researches.1,5 The blood group systems are of interest to recent researchers of modern medicine due to its linkage with various diseases.6 Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of excess body weight. It is useful for assessing aspects of health in children and adults. Based on the WHO classification of BMI, an individual may be clinically considered obese, overweight, normal, or underweight. BMI pattern of distribution differs within and between different populations globally; changing trends in BMI of individual populations are known and linked to changes in socioeconomic status.7Obesity and overweight are known to be harmful to health8, and many studies have demonstrated the association of increased BMI and risk of development of certain diseases. Excess body weight is believed to accentuate the risk of numerous diseases and clinical disorders, such as coronary heart disease, strokes, cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, liver disease, psychopathological conditions 9and allergic diseases.10 Body mass index is a modifiable risk factor can be assessed in time. Moreover blood groups being non modifiable risk factor, should be identified as which of them is more prone to developing obesity, so that young adults can be accordingly counselled for the life style modifications and thus be prevented from major diseases associated with increased BMI. In recent years, hypertension is a major health problem in the world. It has no early specific sign and symptoms, so most of the people have hypertension without knowing it.11 Hypertension is a condition of sustained increase in blood pressure.12According to JNC 8, systolic 90-119 mm of Hg and diastolic 60-79 mm of Hg is normal blood pressure. Hypertension is a condition where systolic pressure is >120 mm of Hg and diastolic is >80 mm of Hg. The association of hypertension and obesity with blood group B was reported by many past researchers.13 Although ABO blood group, hypertension and BMI have individually been appraised as risk factors for certain illnesses, few studies have been conducted to examine whether carrying a particular ABO blood antigen potentially predisposes one to higher body mass index or hypertension. Therefore we conducted a study in medical students of services institute of medical sciences to find out frequency of different blood groups in the study population. Also to find out which blood group is more prone to high BMI or hypertension so that the high risk population should be counselled about dietary and lifestyle modification at a younger ageeng
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".