Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key to the male species of Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913 of the Oriental Region (Japan: Oriental and Palaearctic Japan; China: Oriental and Palaearctic China) 1. Wing membrane without dense macrotrichia............................................................. 2 - Wing membrane with dense macrotrichia...................................... Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913 ... 7 2(1). Superior volsella with or without small projection......................................................... 3 - Superior volsella with long projection.................................................................. 4 3(2). Superior volsella without projection; usually anal point trifid........................ Tripodura Townes, 1945 ... 25 - Superior volsella with small projection; anal point simple............. Uresipedilum Oyewo and Saether, 1998 ... 113 4(2). Superior volsella without basal lobe.................................................................... 5 - Superior volsella with basal lobe...................................................................... 6 5(4). Gonostylus with simple setae at its inner margin................................. Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913 ... 71 - Gonostylus with split setae at its inner margin........................ Cerobregma Saether and Sundal, 1998 ... 131 6(4). Superior volsella with microtrichia.............. Atopipedilum Yamamoto, Yamamoto and Hirowatari, 2015 ... 136 - Superior volsella without microtrichia (Oriental China)............... P. (Probolum) bullum Zhang and Wang, 2004 7(1). Eyes with dorsomedial extension...................................................................... 8 - Eyes without dorsomedial extension.................................................................. 13 8(7). Frontal tubercle present............................................................................. 9 - Frontal tubercle absent............................................................................. 10 9(8). Scutellars less than 10; abdomen uniform (Oriental Japan).............................................................................................. P. (Pe.) acristylum Yamamoto, Hirowatari and Yamamoto, 2012 - Scutellars more than 10; abdomen banded........................ P. (Pe.) robusticeps Guha and Chaudhuri, 1985 10(8). Wing vein R 2+3 separated from R 1 .................................................................... 11 - Wing vein R 2+3 adjacent to R 1 ....................................................................... 12 11(10). AR greater than 1 (Oriental China, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bosnia & Harzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Madeira, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia, Canada, U.S.A.).............................................................................. P. (Pe.) sordens (Wulp, 1874) - AR lesser than 1 (India)............................................................ P. (Pe.) retusum sp. n. 12(10). Antepronotals present; superior volsella with outer seta (Oriental China).................................................................................................. P. (Pe.) paraconvexum Zhang and Wang, 2005 - Antepronotals absent; superior volsella without outer seta (India)............... P. (Pe.) kuluensis Kulshrestha, 1979 13(7). Fore tibial scale pointed............................................................................ 14 - Fore tibial scale rounded............................................................................ 22 14(13). LR 1 less than 2.0.................................................................................. 15 - LR 1 more than 2.0................................................................................. 19 15(14). Outer seta on superior volsella absent (Japan).................. P. (Pe.) furudosecundum (Sasa and Arakawa, 1994) - Outer setae on superior volsella present................................................................ 16 16(15). AR more than 1.0; TIX with less than 20 median setae.................................................... 17 - AR less than 1.0; TIX with more than 20 median setae (Oriental China).... P. (Pe.) fanjingense Zhang and Wang, 2005 17(16). Abdomen banded................................................................................. 18 - Abdomen uniform (Bhutan, Oriental China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Palau, and Micronesia).......................................................................................... P. (Pe.) convexum (Johannsen, 1932) 18(17). Anal point without transverse band (Oriental China).......................... P. (Pe.) tigrinum (Hashimoto, 1983) - Anal point with transverse band (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Lesotho, Madagascar, Na-mibia, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe)................................... P. (Pe.) anale (Freeman, 1954) 19(14). Abdominal segments banded........................................................................ 20 - Abdominal segments uniform........................................................................ 21 20(19). Squamal setae more than 20; superior volsella with 4 setae at its inner basal margin (Oriental Japan)............................................................................ P. (Pe.) daitojekeum (Sasa and Suzuki, 2002) - Squamal setae less than 20; superior volsella with more than 4 setae at its inner basal margin (Oriental China and Palaearctic Japan).............................................................. P. (Pe.) kamosecundum (Sasa, 1989) 21(19). Anal point slender; inferior volsella broadened (Oriental Japan)......... P. (Pe.) daitokeleum (Sasa and Suzuki, 2002) - Anal point broad; inferior volsella parallel-sided (Australia, Caroline Is., Indonesia, Oriental Japan, Palau and Mariana Is.)................................................................................................................................................................. P. (Pe.) nodosum (Johannsen, 1932) 22(13). Wing vein R 2+3 adjacent to R 1 (Oriental China)............................ P. (Pe.) tenuis Zhang and Wang, 2005 - Wing vein R 2+3 separated from R 1.................................................................... 23 23(22). Fore tibial spur present (Oriental China, Japan, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Canada, and U.S.A.).............................. P. (Pe.) tritum (Walker, 1856) - Fore tibial spur absent.............................................................................. 24 24(23). Anal tergite band strong (Oriental Japan, India, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Greenland, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Canada, and U.S.A.).................................. P. (P e.) uncinatum (Goetghebuer, 1921) - Anal tergite band weak (Sri Lanka)............................ P. (Pe.) tissamaharense Oyewo and Saether, 2008 25(3). Superior volsella with secondary apical projection....................................................... 26 - Superior volsella without secondary apical projection..................................................... 28 26(25). R 4+5> 40 setae; anal tergite band absent; superior volsella sickle-shaped (Oriental China)............................................................................... P. (T.) falcatum Zhang, Song, Wang and Wang, 2015 - R 4+5 <40 setae; anal tergite band present; superior volsella not like above..................................... 27 27(26). Superior volsella less than 4 basal setae; anal point without median furrow (Oriental China)................................................................................... P. (T.) nudiprostatum Zhang and Wang, 2007 - Superior volsella more than 4 basal setae; anal point with median furrow (Oriental China).............................................................................. P. (T.) procerum Zhang, Song, Wang and Wang, 2015 28(25). AR less than 1.0.................................................................................. 29 - AR more than 1.0................................................................................. 52 29(28). Inferior volsella broadened.......................................................................... 30 - Inferior volsella parallel-sided....................................................................... 33 30(29). R 4+5 more than 40 setae (Oriental China)................... P. (T.) mengmanense Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - R 4+5 less than 40 setae.............................................................................. 31 31(30). Anal point reduced without median furrow (Oriental China, and India)............................................................................................. P. (T.) conghuaense Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Anal point not reduced with median furrow............................................................. 32 32(31). Superior volsella not broad at base (Oriental China).............. P. (T.) pollicium Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Superior volsella broad at base (Oriental China)................. P. (T.) trapezium Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 33(29). Leg with dark brown bands......................................................................... 34 - Leg uniform..................................................................................... 37 34(33). Thorax with dark patches (Oriental China).................... P. (T.) parallelum Zhang, Song, Qi and Wang, 2016 - Thorax light..................................................................................... 35 35(34). Scutellars arranged in rows (Oriental China)...................... P. (T.) cypellum Qi, Shi, Zhang and Wang, 2014 - Scutel
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".