Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genus Redpathoceras Flower, 1963 Type species Redpathoceras clarki Flower, 1963, northeast of Joliette, Quebec, Canada; Leray Limestone, early-mid Katian, Ordovician; by original designation. Diagnosis Gyrocones with circular to depressed mature conch cross section; mature body chamber inflated with greatest diameter at approximate mid-length; broad shallow hyponomic sinus; septum of truncation deeply rounded; suture of septa in mature specimen slightly oblique, sloping in adoral direction on concave side of conch curvature; siphuncle eccentric, close to conch margin at convex side of conch curvature. (Adopted from Flower 1963.) Remarks Redpathoceras was assigned to the Probillingsitidae by Flower (1963) because of its deeply rounded septum of truncation and its inflated mature body chamber. The type species, Redpathoceras clarki, is characterized by a mature shell with only two chambers adoral of the terminal truncation; this is similar to Probillingsites. Some specimens of Redpathoceras from the Boda Limestone have mature truncated shells with five chambers (Redpathoceras magnus sp. nov.); this is very similar to Montyoceras Flower, 1941, and supports Flower’s (1963) hypothesis of an ancestry of Billingsites and other ascocerids from a Montyoceras -like form. (The truncated parts of premature Redpathoceras phragmocones consist of ca. seven to eight chambers.) On the other hand, the strongly curved conch portions of Redpathoceras are very similar to some uranoceratids, such as Deckeroceras Foerste, 1935, Siljanoceras gen. nov. and Warburgoceras gen. nov., from which it mainly differs in having a deeply convex septum of truncation. This suggests a relationship of Uranoceratidae with ascocerids (see discussion below). The shape of the septal necks and connecting ring of the species of Redpathoceras known from the Boda Limestone are similar to those of Probillingsites (compare with Furnish & Glenister 1964a: fig. 189.4; Fig. 40 A-C). The connecting ring is slightly expanded in juvenile chambers and nummoidal and strongly expanded in the latest chambers. The septal necks are suborthochoanitic in juvenile stages and distally thickened and achoanitic in the latest stages. Stratigraphic and geographic range Leray Limestone, early-mid Katian, Quebec, Canada; Boda Limestone, late Katian, Dalarna, Sweden.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".