Bibliographic record
Abstract
4. Pachybrachis bivittatus (Say, 1824) Barney et al. 2013: habitus 2, map 2. Remarks. Say’ s type, reported as found “near the Rocky Mountains”, is not extant (Weiss and Ziegler 1931). Fall (1915) made no mention of seeing a type and noted that Bowditch often mistakenly used the name P. viduatus for P. bivittatus. Pachybrachis bivittatus is one of the largest, commonest, most widespread, and easily identifiable species in the eastern USA. It is likely found in all 48 contiguous states. Riley et al. (2003) listed 34 states, five Canadian provinces, and Mexico. Further research may reveal that multiple species are represented. There are multiple reports of P. bivittatus being found on Salix spp. (Salicaceae), which I can confirm from personal experience in Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and Wisconsin. Pachybrachis bivittatus is one of the few species of Pachybrachis whose biology has been studied in any detail. Egg and larval case formation was reported by Lawson (1976). LeSage (1985) described the eggs and larvae of P. bivittatus and confirmed that larvae feed in the leaf litter of dead willow.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".