Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bisnius Stephens 1829 Bisnius Stephens 1829a: 23, attributed to Leach. Type species: Staphylinus cephalotes Gravenhorst,1802, by virtual monotypy. Notes: There are 84 valid species of Bisnius distributed worldwide (Newton unpublished database). However, only three of them had been recorded from the Neotropical region and none of those was endemic to this area prior to the present study. A recent study (Chani-Posse et al. 2018) reveals Bisnius as a non-monophyletic genus within a major clade that includes representatives of both Gabrius Stephens and the so-called Neotropical lineage. After Stephens (1829b, 1832) and Curtis (1829), most authors considered Bisnius as a synonym or subgenus of Philonthus (see Herman 2001d: 2537) until Smetana (1995: 513) recognized it as a valid genus and revised its species from America North of Mexico. We owe its current concept to this author. Bisnius cephalotes (Gravenhorst 1802) [adventive in CASA] Staphylinus cephalotes Gravenhorst 1802: 22. Type locality: Brunsuigae [Brunswick, Germany]. Type depository: ZMHB LT ♂, 10 PLT. Distribution: Europe, Egypt, Algeria, Iceland, Madeira, Turkey, Syria, Russia (European, Siberia, Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Mongolia, China (Heilongjiang); Japan; adventive in Canada, USA, Chile, Argentina. Notes: comb. nov. ex Staphylinus (Stephens 1833: 247); preoccupied, junior primary homonym of Staphylinus cephalotes Gmelin 1790: 2036, but conserved, with senior primary homonym as a nomen oblitum, in Opinion 2053 (ICZN 2003); lectotype designation and description (Smetana 1995: 527). Bisnius instabilis (Horn 1884) Philonthus instabilis Horn 1884: 218. Type locality: Colorado [no specific locality]. Type depository: MCZ LT ♂, 2 PLT. Distribution: Canada, USA, Mexico. Notes: comb. nov. ex Philonthus, lectotype designation, no Mexican records (Smetana 1995: 599); distribution within (and including) Mexico (Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002). Bisnius sordidus (Gravenhorst 1802) [adventive in CASA] Staphylinus sordidus Gravenhorst 1802: 176 (senior primary homonym of Staphylinus sordidus Marsham 1802: 514). Type locality: Brunsuigae [Germany]. Type depository: ZMHB LT ♂, 8 PLT. Distribution: Palearctic (Europe to north Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Mongolia, Japan), Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, Japan, Mongolia, China, India (KA), Nepal; adventive in Canada, USA, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Tristan da Cunha. Notes: as Philonthus (Stephens: 233); to Bisnius, lectotype designation, redescription and distribution including " Mexico and Central America to South America" (Smetana 1995: 523); distribution within Mexico (Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002). = Staphylinus chilensis Solier 1849: 315. Type locality: San Carlos, Coquimbo & Longotomo [Chile]. Type depository: MNHN? #? ST. Distribution: Chile. Note: as synonym of S. sordidus (Fauvel 1866: 344). = Staphylinus chloropterus Solier 1849: 319 (preoccupied, junior primary homonym of Staphylinus chloropterus Panzer 1796: pl.20). Type locality: no specificic locality “en los lugares húmedos”. Type depository: MNHN? #?ST. Distribution: Chile. Note: as synonym of S. sordidus (Fauvel 1866: 344). = Philonthus bruchi Bruch 1915: 501, attributed to Bernhauer in litteris; nomen nudum. Locality: Buenos Aires. Note: One specimen in MACN hand-labeled " Philonthus Bruchi Brh. tipo" by Bruch and " Bruchi n. sp." by Bernhauer was identified as Bisnius sordidus by MCP in 2010; an additional specimen in FMNH was identified as Bisnius cephalotes by MCP in 2003 (Bachmann et al. 2017: 44). Bisnius subaeneipennis (Bernhauer 1916) comb. nov. (Figs. 53 –54) Philonthus subaeneipennis Bernhauer 1916a: 32. Type locality: Columbien: Muzo (Rio Cantinerpe, 500m). Type depository: FMNH HT. Distribution: Colombia. Type material examined. Holotype (FMNH, Figs. 53 –54): card mounted // Muzo, Colomb. Rio Cantinero 500m. oklio. // Columbio occ. Cali, Fassl (white label) // subaeneipennis Bernh Typus unic. [in Bernhauer’s hand] (yellow label)// Chicago NHMus M.Bernhauer Collection (white label)”.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".