Necrophila americana Linnaeus 1758
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Necrophila americana (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs. 3, 18, 31, 44 Silpha americana Linnaeus 1758: 360 (see Peck and Miller (1993) for synonymy). Diagnosis. Body length 20–25 mm, broadly oval, brown to black, pronotum yellow with large median black macula, elytra black with faint “gun metal” luster. Head with small eyes, short row of long erect hairs present behind each eye. Pronotum widest at base, disc without pubescence. Elytra with apices conjointly rounded to projecting medially; disc weakly tricostate, intervals uniformly rugose; epipleuron broad and horizontal, with distinct aeneous luster and short golden hairs. Hind femur of male unmodified. Range. Nova Scotia south to Florida, west to Manitoba and Texas (Anderson & Peck 1985, Peck & Kaulbars 1987). Texas distribution. See Fig. 44. This species is almost entirely confined to the Texan and Austroriparian biotic provinces of eastern Texas, with a single record from the Kansan province (Motley County in the Texas Panhandle). It occurs in the following Texas vegetational areas: pineywoods, gulf prairies and marshes, post oak savannah, blackland prairies, cross timbers and prairies, and rolling plains. Confirmed counties (21): Anderson, Brazos, Cass, Cherokee, Denton, Fort Bend, Houston, Jasper, Lamar, Leon, Montgomery, Motley, Nacogdoches, Panola, Polk, Sabine, San Jacinto, Tyler, Walker, Wharton, Wood. Collections: EGRC, JAC, PLM, SFAC, SHSU, TAMU, TTU, UTIC. Seasonality in Texas. See Fig. 31. Adults of this species have been collected in Texas in almost every month of the year. The adult seasonality profile of this species (based on 99 occurrence records: Appendix I) is weakly bimodal, with a large peak in the spring and a much lower peak in the fall. Biological Notes. Anderson and Peck (1985) report that adults are mainly diurnal and found largely in mesic, open and forested areas. This species is typically found in woodland areas in Kansas (Lingafelter 1995). Data from examined labels. Collecting methods: UV light trap, pit-fall trap, hanging carrion trap, carrion trap, bait trap, Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, ground level flight intercept trap. Habitat records: Equisetum bog [Malaise], pine [Malaise], pine forest [Malaise], grassland [Malaise], pine/hardwood forest [flight intercept trap], beech–magnolia [flight intercept trap], on flowers, Quercus lyrata swamp eating tree sap. Carrion records: gar, armadillo, opossum, deer, tiger [dead zoo specimen], shad, snake, turtle, cat and chicken. This species is found in the humid eastern pine and hardwood forest areas of Texas, which agrees with Anderson and Peck (1985). Cole (1942), Schubeck (1969, 1983), Anderson (1982), and Watson and Carlton (2005) provide details on the natural history of this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".