Bolborhinum tubericeps Fairmaire 1856

Bolborhinum tubericeps (Fairmaire, 1856) (Figs. 13, 14, 36, 37) Original combination. Bolboceras tubericeps Fairmaire, 1856: 483. Type locality: “Chilensia.” Type series: lectotype at MNHN labeled a) “ Bolboceras / tubericeps / n.sp. Chili ” (handwritten by Fairmaire), b) “MUSEUM PARIS / Collection Léon Fairmaire / 1906” (typeset), c) “ TYPE ” (red label, typeset), d) “BOLB- OCERAS / TUBERICEPS / FAIRMAIRE / LECTOTYPE ɗ / A.B.T. SMITH” (red label, handwritten and typeset), e) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs / database # AS 2609498 / Bolborhinum tubericeps / (Fairmaire, 1856) / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2007” (typeset). Lectotype here designated. Synonym. Bolboceras bicorne Philippi, 1859: 659 (emended from Bolboceras bicornis). Type locality: “ CHILE, Malleco, Prov., 15 km W Victoria, 200 m ” (original type locality: “en nuestro potrero de San-Juan,” Valdivia). Type series: neotype at CMNC labeled: “ CHILE, MallecoProv. / 15km W Victoria / 200m 28- 30.xii.76 / H. F. Howden” (typeset), b) “H.&A. HOWDEN / COLLECTION / Ottawa, Canada ” (typeset with black border), c) “ BOLBOCERAS / BICORNE / PHILIPPI ɗ / NEOTYPE / A.B.T. SMITH” (red label, handwritten and typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs / database # AS 2607412 / Bolborhinum tubericeps / (Fairmaire, 1856) ɗ / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2006” (typeset). Neotype here designated. See “Designation of lectotypes and neotypes ” section for further statements of qualifying conditions for the designation of this neotype. All reasonable steps were exhausted to trace the original type material of this taxon. Philippi (1859) did not specify where the type series was deposited. The vast majority of Philippi type specimens are housed in the MNNC. We have unsuccessfully searched for type material at the MNNC on several occasions for type material of this taxon. We can only conclude that the type material has been lost. The specimen selected as the neotype matches the original description by Philippi (1859) and from the specimens we have available, it was collected as close as possible to the original type locality. We have not seen any specimens from the vicinity of Valdivia or anywhere south of IX Región de La Araucanía and suspect that the original type locality was based on erroneous locality data. Synonym. Bolboceras tetraodon Redtenbacher, 1868: 59. Type locality: “ Chili.” Type series: lectotype at NMWH labeled a) “Zelebor / Novara” (typeset), b) “Z” (typeset), c) “ Tetraodon / det. Felsche” (handwritten and typeset), d) “ Bolboceras / tetraodon / Typ. Redtb.” (handwritten), e) “ Tetraodon / Chili. Redt.” (handwritten), f) “ BOLBOCERAS / TETRAODON / REDTENBACHER / LECTOTYPE ɗ / A.B.T. SMITH” (handwritten and typeset), g) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs / database # AS 2607216 / Bolborhinum tubericeps / (Fairmaire, 1856) ɗ / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2006” (typeset). Lectotype here designated. Specimens examined. 121 specimens were examined from AUPC, CNCI, FMNH, GACC, HAHC, JEBC, JMEC, MGAC, MNHN, MNNC, NMW, SRTC, UCCC, VMDC. Diagnosis. Length 13.0–16.3 mm. Color dark brown to black. This species is distinguished from other Bolborhinum by the number and placement of the male cephalic horns. Head with four distinct horns; clypeal horn curved, directed anteriorly, located at midline of clypeal apex; two smaller horns located immediately behind the previous horn on either side of clypeal border; the fourth horn is located near the frontoclypeal line; vertex depressed medially, with surface smooth, impunctate. Pronotum with deep, wide apical excavation; posterosuperior ridge transverse, slightly sinuate medially; pronotal disc impunctate, with short, shallow longitudinal furrow; lateral surface with moderately dense to dense punctures concentrated around the lateral fovea, the apical and basal angles, and along the lateral margin. Females similar to males, except in the shape of the head and cephalic ornamentation; dorsal surface of head with frontal tubercle variably developed; supraocular margin laterally with straight ridge. Pronotum slightly depressed immediately behind of the apical margin, dorsally with medial furrow; pronotal disc sparsely punctate with small, moderately dense punctures concentrated near midline. Distribution (Fig. 63). CHILE (121). VII Región del Maule (68): Constitución, Fundo El Rosal (1); Estero Leiva (3); Fundo Malcho (2); Linares (1); Palos Negros (2); Parral (1); Potrero Grande (1); Puchubureo, Curicó Maritimo (2); Reserva Nacional Altos del Lircay (8); Reserva Nacional Los Queules (4); Reserva Nacional Radal 7 Tazas (2); Río Teno (1); Vilches Alto (40). VIII Región del Biobío (40): Atacalco (3); Cerro Cayumanqui (7); Chillán (2); Coelemú (1); Concepción (1); Contulmo (3); Hualqui (2); Las Trancas (5); Los Lleuques (4); Piedras Comadres (11); Puente Marchant (1). IX Región de La Araucanía (10): Angol (1); Flor del Lago (1); Victoria (8). Country record only (2). No Data (1). Temporal data. January (20), February (3), March (1), April (1), May (1), September (4), October (10), November (24), December (56). Remarks. Primary types for B. tubericeps and its two synonyms were examined and found to be conspecific according to our concept of this species. These synonymies are here confirmed.

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