Carollia sowelli R. J. Baker, Solari & F. G. Hoffmann 2002
Bibliographic record
Abstract
107. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat Carollia sowelli French: Carollia de Sowell / German: Sowell-Kurzschwanzblattnase / Spanish: Carolia de Sowell Taxonomy. Carollia sowelli R. J. Baker, Solari & F. G. Hoffmann, 2002, “ Honduras, Comayagua, Cueva de Taulabe, (14°41’42" N, 87°57'07" W).” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Gulf slope in E Mexico from San Luis Potosi and N Veracruz to Yucatan Peninsula and S Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) S through Central America to W Panama. Descriptive notes. Head—body 60-79 mm, tail 7-14 mm, ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 37-42 mm; weight 12-21 g. Sowell’s Short-tailed Batis intermediate in size between the Silky Short-tailed Bat (C. brevicaudum) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (C. perspicillata). Dorsal pelage is tricolored, long, dense, and smooth, almost like that of the Silky Short-tailed Bat, but Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat lacks dark brown tips that would make its medial light band conspicuous. It has hair on forearm but not as abundant as in Seba’s Short-tailed Bat. Its face is more elongated than the Gray Short-tailed Bat (C. subrufa), with round warts in front of lowerlip. Principal difference between Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat and the Silky Shorttailed Bat is based on order of nucleotides in the mitochondrial cytochrome-b. Habitat. Tropical rainforest and deciduous forests from sea level up to 2400 m. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat is particularly abundant in early stages of secondary forests and plantations. Food and Feeding. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat is frugivorous, but it sometimes eats insects. In Mexico, it feeds primarily from wild figs (Ficus sp., Moraceae), but it is reported that all species of Carollia eat fruits from species of Piper (Piperaceae), Cecropia (Urticaceae), Vismia (Hypericaceae), and Solanum (Solanaceae). Breeding. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat has a bimodal reproduction pattern. Pregnant and lactating females were found in March—July. Pregnant females also were reported in February—April and July-September. Activity patterns. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bats roost in caves, hollow trees, rock crevices, and human structures. It has also been reported to roost under banana leaves (Musa sp.). Movements, Home range and Social organization. In Mexico, Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat roosted with other species: e.g. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), the Common Mustached Bat (P. parnellii), Peters’s Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Mexican Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus stramineus), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina), and Myotis sp. Female colonies of Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat are separated from male colonies. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Bibliography. Baker et al. (2002), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Miller et al. (2015b), Pine (1972), Tellez (2014a).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.111 | 0.061 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".