Argyrotaenia citrana Fernald 1889
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald, 1889) Argyrotaenia citrana is known as the orange tortrix or apple skinworm in the older American economic literature. It occurs along the West Coast of North America from Canada to Mexico. We have examined specimens from British Columbia, Canada; Washington, Oregon, California, U.S.A.; and Baja California, Mexico. Freeman (1944) and Obraztsov (1961) both reported it only from the West Coast of North America. Powell (1964) stated that it is one of the most polyphagous species of North America Lepidoptera. Bondar (1915) reported A. citrana as attacking Citrus in Brazil, and this record probably was the source of subsequent citations of the species in South America (e.g., Essig 1926, Ebeling 1959). However, Bondar (1929) had reported this an error in identification (see Powell 1964). It is likely that this species also was misidentified by Pastrana (in litt.) based on the previous literature, and we have no direct evidence that A. citrana occurs in Argentina. Based on evidence from mitochondrial DNA and laboratory hybridization trials, Landry et al. (1999) concluded that A. citrana is not clearly distinct from A. franciscana. Although they did not propose the synonymy of the two, their data strongly suggest that neither species is monophyletic relative the other. Hence the two may be considered more appropriately as synonyms, with A. franciscana as the correct name based on priority.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".