Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 1891 Census of Canada was enumerated by the Department of Agriculture in April of 1891. It aimed to collect information for every permanent resident and household in the country. Enumerators recorded information for each individual at their permanent residence, in the de jure style. The enumeration began in April 1891, and while in most areas of the country it was completed within a couple of days, it continued for weeks and even months in parts of the country that were difficult to access. The enumerator entered information about people and dwellings which were checked and, if necessary, corrected by a district commissioner. The commissioner then forwarded the sheets Ottawa for tabulation and, in some cases, further modification. The sheets were microfilmed from 1938-1940, and then destroyed. The microfilm reels survive as part of the collection of the National Archives of Canada (NAC reference number to catalogued collection: HA742 P8323 1987). Between 2003 and 2010 staff and students at the University of Guelph digitized a random 5% sample (10% in cities and in the West) of the 1891 population records. This database represents an individual-level sample of the 1891 Census of Canada, produced by researchers at the University of Guelph.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.024 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.045 | 0.049 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".