Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2024
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This overview of physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2024 is an outcome of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program. The seasonal sea ice maximum volume and area, and the January-April average volume, were record lows. The August cold intermediate layer average minimum temperature was the fourth highest since 1985. Sea surface temperature (SST) averaged monthly over the Gulf were the highest of the satellite record (since 1982) in July and the May-November average was highest of the time series. Deep water temperatures increased overall in the Gulf between 2009 and 2022, with inward advection from Cabot Strait, but decreased in 2023 and again in 2024 from the 2022 record high. Deep water temperatures are lowering in the Gulf as cooler waters progress up the channels, although they have continued to rise in the northwest Gulf and in the Estuary in 2024 where the cooling is expected to reach in 2025. The caveat to this outlook is the observation of warmer waters at 150 and 200 m in March 2025, as well as a temperature maximum again above 7 °C in Cabot Strait.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".