Emotions versus semantics: the cross-modal influence of songs on the sweetness of chocolate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Humans perceive their surroundings using five different sensory modalities. Although these senses are independently processed, there can be crosstalk among the different senses. Cross modal correspondences refer to associations made by perceptions from two different sensory modalities elicited by different stimuli. It has been shown that cross modal correspondences can induce cross modal perceptions, whereby independent perceptions affect one another, creating new perceptions of the congruent stimuli. It is known that cross modal perceptions can be caused by semantic or emotional associations generated by the stimuli. However, whether cross modal perceptions occur between the auditory and gustatory senses and their relative dependence on semantic and emotional associations is not known. To this end, the change in the perception of sweetness was tested in response to two different pieces of music that were connected to the sweetness of chocolate by meaning (semantic) or by pleasure (emotion). After listening to the pleasurable song, the same piece of chocolate induced a stronger sense of sweetness compared to before listening to the song or after listening to the semantically “sweet” song. The results suggest that emotions, specifically pleasurable experiences, may be a more dominant cause of cross modal perceptions between the gustatory and auditory senses. Future research in the field can utilize this information to find the mechanism(s) of these cross-modal perceptions. These findings may have implications for improving marketing strategies for in-store food sampling, whereby a more hedonically stimulating song could be used to increase the customer’s perception of sweetness in the products sampled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".