Evaluating\nBenthic Recovery Decades after a Major\nOil Spill in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term effects of oil spills\non freshwater organisms have\nbeen little studied. In 1950, a large oil spill (10 million L) covered\nthe harbor area of Parry Sound, Ontario, the deepest port in the Laurentian\nGreat Lakes. Ecological impacts were not studied at the time, but\n25 years later three-quarters of the Chironomus cucini larvae (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae) living in the harbor area\nwere reported to be deformed. We returned six decades after the spill\nand found that the frequency of deformities had returned to background\nlevels and that the community of burrowing invertebrates has largely\nrecovered. By dating sediment cores and measuring the depth distribution\nof oils, we conclude that, although the oil persists six decades after\nthe spill, sufficient uncontaminated sediment has covered the oil\nthereby putting it out of reach of most burrowing animals. Provided\nthat the sediment remains undisturbed, the buried oil is unlikely\nto exert further negative effects on the biota in spite of the fact\nthat it will likely persist for centuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.307 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".