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Still a useful myth?: NATO’s theater nuclear weapons as tools of alliance management

2025· article· en· W6903165838 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueLeiden Repository (Leiden University) · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicNuclear Issues and Defense
Canadian institutionsNutrition International
FundersMassachusetts Institute of Technology
KeywordsNuclear weaponDeterrence theoryAllianceAnnexationNuclear ethicsCold war

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

What is the role of the US theater nuclear weapons (TNW) currently stationed in Europe? Open-source intelligence experts estimate that five European NATO member states host approximately 100 US nuclear bombs under a series of nuclear-sharing arrangements. The presence of these deployments has garnered renewed attention since Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. While advocates and opponents of NATO’s TNW mission focus primarily on the value of these weapons in terms of deterrence or reassurance, this article takes a different perspective. It argues that US TNW stationed in Europe are primarily tools of alliance management and introduces three distinct mechanisms through which they serve this purpose: nuclear deflection, nuclear legitimation, and nuclear consultation. By focusing on these functions, this article draws attention to the main barriers that produce continuity and complicate changes in NATO’s nuclear posture. The article also advances understanding of the drivers of nuclear posture by emphasizing alliance management as a factor that has received insufficient scholarly attention.<br>

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.948
Threshold uncertainty score0.752

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.244
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it