North American ornithomimids: morphology, taxonomy, morphometrics, and phylogenetics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ornithomimids, also known as bird-mimic dinosaurs, are known from the Late Cretaceous of Asia and North America. Within North America, the majority of specimens come from the Campanian to Maastrichtian aged formations of Alberta, Canada. Despite a large collection of ornithomimid specimens from North America, informative anatomical and taxonomic comparisons have been limited by incomplete specimens and a lack of overlapping material. In this thesis, I conduct a thorough review of existing North American ornithomimid specimens using a combination of morphological examinations, taxonomic revisions, geometric and traditional morphometrics, and phylogenetics. I show how distal tarsal morphology varies across ornithomimosaurs and report on the diversity of North American ornithomimids leading up the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction through descriptive work. Using both geometric morphometrics and multivariate ratio analysis, I demonstrate the utility of quantitative approaches in differentiating ornithomimid taxa. Finally, I integrate taxon and specimen-based phylogenetic methods, finding a series of evolutionary hypotheses for ornithomimid interrelationships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".