Assessment of Indigenous Perspectives embodied in Sustainability Reporting and ESG Disclosure Practices of Canadian Exploration and Production Companies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting plays an increasingly important role in Canadian business. Indigenous rights are emerging as key disclosure criterion for ESG reporting in Canada s energy sector. A matrix of potential ESG performance metrics was developed of known concepts and key words associated with Indigenous Peoples' rights and ways of knowing. The matrix was applied to qualitative assessments of 47 sustainability reports published between 2010 and 2020 by the largest publicly traded Canadian oil and gas companies. Indigenous engagement as a financially material ESG factor evolved over time with emphasis on relationship building, consultation, capacity building, indigenous procurement initiatives and partnerships. The 2020 sustainability reports had dedicated sections for indigenous engagement and community investment. Absence of actionable, measureable steps to achieve indigenous engagement targets reflects that sustainability reports are used to highlight corporate achievements rather than report on corporations' sustainability management and ESG performance shortcomings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".