Convective heat transport in slender cells is close to that in wider cells at high Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
\n\nDirect numerical simulations of turbulent convection at high Rayleigh numbers in large aspect ratio cells are challenging because of the prohibitive computational resources required. One can achieve high Rayleigh numbers at affordable costs for low aspect ratios, but the effect of small aspect ratio remains to be understood fully. In this work, we explore integral quantities in convection in a cell with the small aspect ratio of 0.1 by varying both the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers systematically. We find that the heat transport in this flow is within 10% of that in cells with large aspect ratios for high enough Rayleigh numbers and for Prandtl numbers larger than unity. For low Prandtl numbers, the increase of the heat transport is steeper for low aspect ratios, approaching that in large aspect ratios as the Prandtl number increases. Further, the global momentum transport, quantified by the Reynolds number, is reduced for all Prandtl numbers, presumably because of the larger volume of flow affected by the friction from sidewalls, compared to that in cells of larger aspect ratio.\n
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".