A fuel saving way in aerospace engineering based on morphing wing technology: a new multidisciplinary experimental model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The research presented in this present paper was done within the framework of the international CRIAQ MDO505 Morphing Wing project, developed as a collaborative research project between academia, research centres and industry partners. The work exposed in the paper is related to the development of an experimental morphing wing model and its performance evaluation by using some wind tunnel tests. This collaborative research aimed at the drag reduction over a wing by morphing it, conducting in this way at fuel savings and low emissions. The association between the drag reduction and wing morphing comes from the fact that if the wing airfoil shape is changed in a specific way then the laminar to turbulent flow transition point position can be moved toward its trailing edge. The model designed, fabricated and tested during our project is based on the dimensions of a full scale wing tip structure, equipped with a morphable flexible upper surface made from composite materials and deformed by using four miniature electrical actuators, with an array of 32 Kulite pressure sensors to monitor the air flow behaviour over the upper surface, and with an aileron also electrical actuated. The first specific objective for our research team in this project was to develop a new morphing mechanism for the wing by using miniature electrical actuators; these actuators should deform the upper wing surface, so that the laminar-to-turbulent transition point moves closer to the wing trailing edge reducing in this way the drag force as a function of flow condition by changing the wing shape. The flow conditions were univocally defined by mean of Mach numbers, airspeeds, angles of attack and aileron deflection angles. The second specific objective was to develop a control system for the morphing actuators to obtain the desired morphed shape of the wing for each studied flow case, while the third specific objective was to develop a monitoring system able to detect and visualize the airflow characteristics using pressure sensors installed on the upper surface of the morphing wing, evaluating in this way the gains brought by the proposed architecture. During the paper sections are successively exposed the project description, the morphing wing model instrumentation and the mechanisms used to control it. Finally, a wind tunnel aerodynamic results analysis is performed, discussing the extension of the laminar region of the flow over the wing by using the morphing wing technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".