12-Year Hydrographic Survey Of The Newfoundland Basin: Seasonal Cycle And Interannual Variability Of Water Masses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Through the 1980s and early 1990s, Soviet research vessels conducted an extensive survey of the area to the southeast off the Grand Banks known as the Newfoundland Basin. The measurements collected in this survey were evenly distributed in space and repeated seasonally or monthly. A special technique was developed to identify the dominant water masses in the Newfoundland Basin data. This technique was based on statistical T-S analysis with the horizontal gradient added as the third dimension and resulted in distinctive separation of water masses and fronts. Time series of temperature and salinity for the waters on either side of the front were analyzed to estimate the seasonal and interannual variability. The highest amplitudes of the annual cycle were found at the surface inshore of the Subpolar Front. However, the highest contributions of the cycle to the total variance were observed in the offshore sector. There the annual cycle also penetrates to a greater depth than in the Shelf and Slope areas. Below 20 m the seasonal cycle inshore of the Front has a significant semiannual component, implying that there are two phases of cooling: winter, produced by the local heat loss and summer, caused by advection of the seasonal cycle from the north. The interannual variability also differs on either side of the Subpolar Front. The interannual signal in the offshore waters is practically uniform with depth, whereas inshore of the front it has some differences above and below 50 m. Time series analyses of the hydrographic data and sea surface temperature revealed a cold event that originated in the Labrador Sea in the winter of 1982-1983 and shortly after that appeared in the inshore waters of the Newfoundland Basin at 100 m. Thereafter, this anomaly progressed south and east from the Labrador Basin and entered the surface layer of the Newfoundland Basin in the winter 1983-1984, where it stayed till the end of 1986.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".