Distributional changes observed in the geographic range of Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) in association with ocean conditions off the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.This work examines distributional changes in the geographic range of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) observed during joint Canada-US acoustic-trawl surveys between 1995 and 2005. During the summer season (June to Sep), Pacific hake are distributed along the west coast of North America, typically ranging from Monterey, CA (36oN) northward to Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (52oN). Pacific hake are found throughout the water column in association with the shelf break typically over bottom depths ranging between 100m to 300m, with some coastal regions showing wide-spread offshore dispersal. Other regions support more intensified shelf break aggregations. Stock assessment surveys since 1995 have documented significant changes in summer distribution and abundance. This variability in both the northward and offshore extent suggests hake may be an excellent indicator of change within the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. We use multivariate data sets to illustrate species-specific aggregation patterns in association with environmental structures (e.g. upwelling events, fronts). Hake distribution is strongly linked to California Current flow patterns and to zones of high productivity. The improved understanding of the relation between environmental characteristics and the organisms, as well as their intra- and inter-specific interactions is important in describing habitat, ecosystem structure and stock status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".