Foreign Direct Investment of Chinese State-Owned Enterprise in Canada – A Continuation of Canada’s FDI Narratives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper seeks to build on the work of Mattlin and Rajavuori (2023), who found that causal narratives played a key role in the shifting perceptions of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). These shifting perceptions, in turn, led to a riskification of FDI from those firms. That is to say, FDI underwent a process similar to securitization, where the end goal is risk management rather than the total annihilation of the threat. This paper will attempt to use the same analytical framework to discover if FDI in Canada has undergone a similar riskification process, and, if so, if similar causal narratives are to blame. I find that, much like with the Nordic countries examined by Mattlin and Rajavuori, Canada has riskified FDI and changed how FDI controls are applied to Chinese SOEs due to the proliferation of causal narratives, rather than a change in the risk of FDI from said firms themselves, and that this riskification of FDI is a continuation of a much broader historical trend rather than an entirely new phenomenon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".