Stay, Leave or Wait and See: Determinants of Residents’ Evacuation Behaviours and Protective Actions During the 2023 Bush Creek East Wildfire in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wildfires in Canada are increasingly destructive, driven by urban expansion, population growth, and climate change. The steady rise in evacuation orders presents significant challenges for residents and communities. Using an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods design, this study identified factors influencing residents’ evacuation behaviours and protective actions during the 2023 Bush Creek East Wildfire in British Columbia. Among 213 participants, evacuation behaviours were shaped by perceived risk, prior experience, personal circumstances, available information, and trust in authorities. The findings call for evacuation policies (and alternatives) that balance public safety with residents' welfare. Future research should explore how demographics, household composition, and residency tenure affect evacuation behaviours across various communities. Policymakers must develop sustainable solutions that embrace local capacities to help mitigate wildfire risks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".