Hospital pharmacist discharge care is independently associated with reduced risk of readmissions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A propensity-matched cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause for hospitalization and death globally,1 and the number of people affected by this disease is expected to more than double every 10 years.2 Today, COPD places excessive stress on the health care system, as hospitalization rates exceed those of any other chronic disease, including angina, heart failure, diabetes or hypertension,3 and direct costs attributable to COPD in the past 10 years in Canada have exceeded $1.5 billion.4 One in 5 patients hospitalized for COPD will require readmission within 30 days.1 Hospital readmission is associated with a decline in lung function, lower quality of life and increased mortality risk for patients with COPD,5 yet up to 50% of readmissions are potentially preventable by health care provider interventions.5 Evidence-based, multidisciplinary interventions are needed to address the growing public health issue of long-term COPD management and hospital readmissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".