Probiotic treatment in female Lewis rats following unilateral incomplete cervical (C5) contusion injury: Microbiome report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY PURPOSE: The bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system appears to be linked to the intestinal microbiome. Research has shown that spinal cord injury (SCI) can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to gut dysbiosis. These changes can have several negative impacts, such as exacerbated systemic inflammation and susceptibility to infection. Probiotics administered to mice with SCI have been shown to ameliorate gut dysbiosis, confer neuroprotection, and improve locomotor recovery. However, probiotics have also produced conflicting results, making potential claims regarding the application of probiotics as a therapeutic supplement ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercially available probiotic on recovery in a rat model of cervical SCI. DATA COLLECTED: Female Lewis rats (12 weeks and 180-220 g) received a C4-C5 laminectomy to expose the spinal cord. Using an Infinite Horizon impactor a 125 kdyn unilateral contusion was performed targeting the right side of the spinal C5 level (1.25 mm right of midline, 25 mm drop height at a 15-degree angle). Probiotic treatment was initiated immediately after SCI using VSL#3 containing 450 billion colony-forming units (CFU) of lyophilized bacteria/g, including eight different strains (Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum, and Streptococcus salivarus subspecies thermophilus). VSL#3 was administered daily via oral gavage for 7 days postinjury (DPI) at a dose of 5 billion CFU. Control group was gavaged with 0.5 ml of sterile filtered water. After 7 DPI, the 5 billion CFU of VSL#3 doses were adjusted to ensure equivalent consumption and administered ad libitum in drinking water for a total of 35 DPI. The overall gut microbiome was assessed prior to injury (baseline) and at 3, 7, 14, and 35 DPI by collecting fresh fecal matter from the rats during their dark cycle and submitted for 16S rRNA analysis. Dataset for Probiotic treatment for acute spinal cord injury: behavioural, histological and systemic cytokine profiles of female Lewis rats is in OSC-SCI#687 DATA USAGE NOTES:
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".