La ville éventrée:or, how bombing turned the city inside out
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Such was the aftermath of a blitz, witnessed by Canon Detrez, in the workers’ housing estate next to the freight station LilleDélivrance in the north of France on 11 April 1944. From 1940, France was bombed, steadily or sporadically depending on location, receiving just over a quarter of the Allies’ European bombing effort.3 After the Dunkirk evacuation in May 1940 and the French capitulation in June, bombing became the sole means for Britain to continue offensive warfare on the European continent. The first French targets were German barges amassing on the Channel coast preparing to invade Britain, and airfields in northern France. Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command bombed a range of French targets in line with the requirements of campaigns elsewhere. The ongoing Battle of the Atlantic led to attacks on German surface raiders docked at Brest until February 1942, and then heavy raids on the Atlantic ports in early 1943 intending to destroy U-Boat bases there. The RAF and United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) attacked industrial plants across France, including the southern zone from November 1942.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.042 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".