The impact of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome on cognitive impairment in patients monitored at the University Clinics of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment is common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), particularly in severe cases, but it often remains underdiagnosed. OSAHS is a respiratory disorder characterised by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep. The resulting intermittent hypoxia can impair brain function and lead to cognitive deficits, including issues with attention, memory, and executive functioning. Purpose This study aimed to describe the cognitive profile of patients with OSAHS treated at the University Clinics of Kinshasa. Methods This was a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted over a 10-month period among patients aged 18 years and older. Variables studied included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, as well as results from the MoCA scale and polysomnography. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables, and Student’s t-test for quantitative variables (p < 0.05). Results Of the 121 patients included (mean age = 50 ± 11 years), 66% (n = 80) were male. Severe OSAHS was the most prevalent (38%, n = 46), and 42% of patients were severely obese. Mild cognitive impairment was identified in 45.4% (n = 55) of participants. A significant association was observed between the severity of OSAHS and the presence of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with OSAHS, especially in its severe forms. These findings emphasise the need for cognitive screening in the clinical management of OSAHS patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".