Bibliographic record
Abstract
49. Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 15 (2): 817 (Müller Argoviensis 1866), nom. cons. prop. Ricinocarpus wilkesianus (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 618 (Kuntze 1891). — Acalypha amentacea Roxb. subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 45: 10 (Fosberg & Sachet 1980). — Type: Fiji. “ in insulis Fidji ”, s.d., Wilkes Expedition s.n. (U.S. Expl. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes) (lecto-, designated in Cardiel et al. 2022a: G-DC [one specimen over two sheets: G00324021 and G00324022]; isolecto-, GH [GH00045512], K [K000959008], US [US00096423, US00096424]). ICONOGRAPHY. — André & Bois (1907: 358); Fig. 73H. ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors American naval officer and explorer Charles Wilkes (1798-1877). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Native to Melanesia. Widely cultivated as ornamental plant throughout the tropics. Cultivated species in Madagascar (Analamanga and Vakinankaratra), Mascarene Islands (La Réunion) and Seychelles (Mahé) (Fig. 74). PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — Acalypha wilkesiana is a widespread cultivated ornamental but is not known in the wild. Is considered native of Melanesia but of unknown origin (Sagun et al. 2010). It sometimes is found along forest edges and roads. We assess this species as Least Concern (LC). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 8 collections. Madagascar. Anonymous 11 (P[P05546985]); Anonymous s.n. (P[P05546986]); d’Alleizette, Ch. 705 (P[P04779510]); Rotereau, L. s.n. (P[P05510219]). La Réunion. Séverin 68 (P[P04779511]). Seychelles. Jeffrey, C. 606 (K); Thomasset, H.P. s.n. (K). REFERENCES. — Robertson (1989: 200); Montero Muñoz et al. (2018a: 112). DESCRIPTION Shrubs or small trees, probably evergreen, to 4 m tall, monoecious. Branches usually tomentose to substrigose, sometimes also hispid, glabrescent when mature. Axillary buds naked, hispid with simple, erect trichomes. Stipules to 7(-10) mm long, linear-lanceolate or filiform, sometimes broadened at base, appressed-pubescent. Petioles 1-4(-8) cm long, tomentose. Leaf blades usually variegated green, red, yellow, purple, or copper, 8-20 × 3-10(-13) cm, usually broadly ovate-lanceolate, sometimes elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, membranous; base broadly cuneate, obtuse, or rounded, sometimes decurrent; apex acuminate, sometimes abruptly so, acumen to 40 mm long, obtuse, mucronate; margin serrate to crenate-serrate, teeth obtuse, irregular; upper and lower surfaces subglabrous, appressed-pubescent on veins; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 7-9 per side. Stipels absent. Inflorescences spiciform, unisexual, axillary. Male inflorescences to 25 cm long; peduncle to 15 mm long, velutinous; flowers glomerate; bracts to 1 mm long, elliptic, sparsely hairy. Female inflorescences to 10 cm long, densely flowered; peduncle to 40 mm long, pubescent with simple, curved trichomes; bracts to 16, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 9 × 11 mm, sparsely hairy; margin deeply dentate, teeth c. 15, to 1/2 bract length, triangular-lanceolate, central tooth prominent; bracteoles absent. Male flowers: pedicel to 1 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds to 1 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. Female flowers 1 per bract, sessile; sepals 3, to 1 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent; ovary c. 1.3 mm diameter, 3-lobed, smooth, surface densely pubescent; styles 3, to 7 mm long, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 8-10 segments. Allomorphic flowers not seen. Capsules to 5 mm diameter, verrucose, surface densely pubescent. Seeds c. 2 mm diameter, globose, minutely foveolate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.027 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".