Original dataset, coded matrix, and Bayesian phylogenetic trees of three Late Ordovician brachiopod genera (Atrypida: Anazygidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Late Ordovician was a pivotal interval in Earth’s history, marked by rapid diversification and a significant accumulation of biodiversity across marine ecosystems. This period witnessed the flourishing of brachiopods, which were a dominant component of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna—a group primarily composed of filter-feeding, sessile benthic organisms that played a critical role in the structure and function of Paleozoic marine communities. In this study, we focus on reconstructing the evolutionary relationships and biodiversity dynamics of a key lineage within this group: the atrypid brachiopods of the family Anazygidae. This family includes the genera Anazyga, Catazyga, and Zygospira, which are particularly important for understanding morphological innovation, biogeographic patterns, and ecological adaptation during a time of major evolutionary expansion. By integrating phylogenetic analysis with biodiversity assessments, our study sheds light on the evolutionary history and ecological significance of these brachiopods during the Late Ordovician radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".