A Study on Correlation of ER, PR Status and Serum Estradiol Levels with Histopathology Type among Women with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a clinical term used to describe bleeding not attributable to an underlying organic pathologic condition. Receptor studies in DUB cases show that ER and PR levels in DUB patients were significantly higher. Circulating blood levels of estrogen and progesterone have implications on DUB.A few studies have shown that DUB has high estradiol levels. There is Based on this aim of our study is to evaluate the histopathological features of endometrium in correlation with Serum Estradiol levels and with special emphasis on ER, PR receptors and morphometry in the diagnosis of menorrhagia. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective study of the histomorphological profile of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding in patients in age group of 20-75 years. A total of 60 cases were enrolled during our study period. Endometrial curettage from patients of other age groups were excluded. Immunohistochemically scoring for ER and PR receptors were done with Quick score. Also, intensity scoring was done. The above two scores, score for proportion and the score for intensity are summated to a total maximum score of 8. Score of more than 2 is considered positive. Results: The common histopathologic diagnosis was proliferative phase in 45 %. ER mad PR were positive in all type of HPE findings in our study with different ranges. The levels of ER and PR expression was significantly raised in DUB patients compared to normal patients.Serum estradiol levels too were positively correlated. Conclusion: The study of ER and PR expression helps in diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of serum estradiol levels in DUB is important because it is markedly increased in case of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma compared to normal proliferative and secretory endometrium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".