Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Figs 47–92) Six names are currently listed in synonymy with H. haemorrhoidalis (ThripsWiki 2023), and in view of the confusion with H. angustior we re-examined the types of four of these. The depositary of the original specimens of adonidum and ceylonicus remains unknown, and their current synonymic status are therefore accepted. However, the type specimens of H. abdominalis Reuter, H. semiaureus Girault and Dinurothrips rufiventris Girault all match the current definition of H. haemorrhoidalis. Wilson (1975) decided to treat H. ceylonicus as a valid species, but slides identified by him with this name comprise specimens that would fit in both H. haemorrhoidalis and H. angustior currently. As in H. angustior, specimens of H. haemorrhoidalis exhibit variations on antennal segment VI, mesonotum and metascutum, that are here interpreted as intraspecific. The antennal segment II varies in color from brown to pale, a characteristic shared among individuals from Brazil (Figs 66, 70, 74). The dark brown coloration of antennal segment VI is variable and can fill almost the entire segment or only the apical third of the segment. The mesonotum usually has equiangular reticles, but they can be either more circular or more rectangular, never linear. The metascutal triangle flange can extend more or less over the metascutellum, and the shape and number of reticles that form the metascutal triangle can be either round or elongated, with the triangle margins straight or convex. Abdominal segments VII–X vary from brown to golden yellow with the apex of X brown. Our observations suggest that variations occur both within and between populations of H. haemorrhoidalis, therefore this name is used for all specimens with the character states given in the key. As a result, the presence of H. haemorrhoidalis is here confirmed in 18 American countries: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA and Venezuela. Wilson (1975) also recognized several types of pore plates on males of Heliothrips that he suggested might represent different species. The form with dark abdomen and transverse pore plates represents H. angustior as defined here. However, further examination of males with golden yellow abdomen and either circular or oval pore plates did not reveal any further major differences between them. Mound (1976) suggested that male characters of H. haemorrhoidalis would not be subject to selection due to their rarity, and that variations in these males were not of taxonomic significance. Material Studied. Deposited at NHM: Bahamas. Nassau, 1.vii.1980, 5 females (F.D.Bennelt). Barbados. 10.vi.1986, on Acalypha, 1 female (F.D.Bennelt); St. Michael, on Citrus sinensis, Min. Of Agne 6., 1 female, 14.iii.1968; iii.1971, on citrus, 1 female (F.D. Bennelt). Bermuda. Bermuda Agr. Station, Paget E. T-8, on Croton, 9-1-34, 3 females (T.A.Russel). Colombia. 20 Km South of Cali, Dahlia apical leaves, 2 females, 14.vii.1983 (L.A.Mound). Costa Rica. Poas Volcano, grass by road, 1 female, 30.vi.1983; UCR San Pedro, avocado leaves, 3 females, 20.iv.1992; La Selva, Pentaclethra canopy fogging, 1 female, 5.x.1992; San Ramon des Tres Rios, flowers of shrub, 1 female, 15.ix.1991; San Vito, Wilson Bot. Garden, flowers, 1 female, 17.ix.1991 (L.A.Mound). Jamaica. Cinchora, on Sudan grass flowers, 10.ix.1972, 1 female (J. Metcalfe). Puerto Rico. Villalba, Doña Juana Forest, on Acalypha wilkesiana var. marginata, 18.vi.1959, 2 females (S. Medina). Tobago. 8.ix.1936, 1 female; 3.ix.1936, 1 female (A.M.A. Adamson). Trinidad. Toco, 3.ii.1936, 1 female; St. Augustine, 2.x.1936, 1 female (A.M.A. Adamson). Deposited at USNM: Argentina. Córdoba, on Acalypha sp. and hot house plants, no date, 1 female (O.C.Molinari). Bermuda. Intercepter at NY, on Bryophyllum, 4.iii.1913, 1 female (Post). Canada. Interception at Seattle, on Rhododendrons, 21.x.1939, 1 female (Scott); same host ans place, 22.x.1941, 1 female (no collector data). Colombia. Santa Marta, at NY In calyx em of fruit of Eugenia plummer, 5.iv.1939, 1 female and 1 male. Cuba. Santiago de las Vegas, on Persea gratissima, 7.ii.1912, 1 female (P.Cardin). Ecuador. Guayaquil, on olive tree, vii-ix.1933, 2 females (T.H.Johsnon); Pichilingue, on cacao leaves, 16.x.1944, 8 females (J.E.Hambleton). Ecuador. Machala, on conocut fruits, 27.ix.1944, 4 females (E.J.Hambleton); Galapagos Islands, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, Scalesia Forest, 6110m, 1–28.i.1989, 16 females (Peck and Sinclair col.). Guatemala. Puerto Barrias, on Acalypha, 9.v.1945, 1 female (E.J.Hambleton). Mexico. San Jose del Cabo, distrito Sur, Baja Cas, on mango, vii. 1919, 7 females and 1 male (Q.Ferris); Mor. Cuernavaca, on leaves of Codiaeum veriegatum, 28.viii.1944, 7 females (N.L.H.Krauss). Peru. Bay leaf interception in Miami, 31.i.1966, 3 females (E.B.Lee); intercepted on Gardenia sp. flower in Miami, 1.xi.1992, 1 female (J. Simmons); intercepted at Washington DC On Cypripedium clinkaberianum, 20.xi.1935, 1 female. Puerto Rico. Rio Piedras, 14.xi.1919, 1 female (E.G.); Lares, on wild cotton, 1.iv.1936, 1 female (L.C. Fife). Saint Lucia. on Croton leaf., 14.i.1939, 1 female (Ehinger). Trinidad. Princes Town, on Jatropha gossipiifolia. Ii.1999, 7 females (T.A. Heard & V. Lopez). USA. Alabama, Spring Hill, on Viburnum macrophyllus, 15.vii.1937, 3 females; same place, on Azalea, 11.v.1938, 8 females (L.L. English). California, Pasadena, outdoors on leaves of Laurestina, 5.xi.1915, 3 females (A.G.Smith); Tomales Bay State Park, 15.vii.1961, 1 female (T. Kono); San Francisco Golden Gate Park, on Myrtaceae flowers, 11.vii.1992 (S.Nakahara). Connecticut, New Haven, on grape ivy in house, 5.iv.1948, 3 females (C. Parsans); same place, in Gardenia, 3.iv.1948, 3 females (Fitch). Florida, Clearwater, on dead branches, 23.xii.1937, 3 females (J.D.Hood); Orlando, on branches, leaves and trunk of live oak covered with Spanish moss, 6.xi.1914, 1 female (C.B.Williams); Emeralda, on shumae leaves, 17.xi.1914, 1 female (C.B.Williams); Welaka, Welaka Conservation Reserve, University of Florida, on Persea borbonia, 29.vi.1954, 4 females (J.D.Hood). Louisiana, New Orleans, on Croton sp., 14.v.1924, 4 females (H.K.Plank); same place, on live oak covered with Spanish moss, 2.xii.1914, 1 female (C.B.Williams). Maryland, Bethesda, on arborvita, 24.viii.1941, 3 females, 30.vi.1943, 2 females (J.C.Crawford); College Park, on peach in greenhouse, 10.xii.1913, 2 females in one slide (W.H.White); Glenn Dale, on Rhododendron pentaphyllum, 2.xi.1938, 2 females (Wood). New Hampshire, Hanover, on leaves of Berberis potanini from Chico, Cal., 19.xii.1917 (J.H.Gerould). Venezuela. Monte Oscuro, Coloni Tovas, Persea americana, 21.iii.1991, 1 female (E.Doreste). Deposited at CHNUFPI: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, on Solanaceae, 19.xii.2019, 1 female; São Paulo: Santo Antonio do Pinhal, on samambaia, (no date), 1 female; Santa Catarina: Descanso, on Prunus sp., 18.vii.2019, 3 females; Ceará: Pacoti, on Codiacum, 29.i.2022, 2 females; Paraíba: Areia, on Psidium guajava, 2.xi.2019, 1 female; Minas Gerais: Tiradentes, on Polypodium persicifolium, 17.xii.2019, 1 female; Sergipe: São Cristóvão, on Flamboyant, 6.xi.2019, 1 female (E.F. B.Lima). Deposited at UFRGS: Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul: Eldorado do Sul, 04.iii.2010, 1 female (L.Podgaiski), São Francisco de Paula, on Rudgea parquioides, 26.i.2013, 1 female, (A.Cavalleri), Porto Alegre, on Dodonaea viscosa, 08.iii.2011, 1 female (A.Cavalleri).

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