Nematini Thomson 1871

Key to West Palaearctic genera of Nematini As supported by genetic data, the genera comprising the Dineurini form a monophylum distinct from the Nematini. However, Dineura and Nematinus of the Dineurini are morphologically very similar to some Nematini. For practical reasons, they are included in the key below. Specimens of Anoplonyx and Platycampus can also be confused with members of Nematini, but in their forewing the base of vein 2A+3A is complete and curved up to 1A (cell PA closed) (Prous et al. 2019). When in extremely rare cases specimens of Nematini have this wing character, or Anoplonyx and Platycampus lack it, consider additional characters. Anoplonyx females have a distinctly emarginate clypeus, simple claws, valvula 3 not tapering towards apex and with a distinct or indistinct invagination posteriorly, lancet with spurette (ventrolateral spines), and black head. Anoplonyx males have emarginate clypeus, simple claws, black head and thorax, and distinct penis valves (distinctly expanded ventrally, valvispina clearly extending beyond ventroapical lobe of paravalva, valviceps dorsoapically with hair). Platycampus has an emarginate clypeus, at least a minute subapical tooth of claws, black head and thorax, usually yellow legs, strongly sclerotized lancet with large microdenticles of serrulae and numerous spine-like setae or ctenidia on annuli, and a distinctive penis valve (valvispina not extending beyond ventroapical lobe of paravalva which apically forms a filament, valviceps dorsoapically with hair). Stauronematus, although isolated in its own clade according to genetic data, closely resembles Pristiphora in external morphology, but is distinguished from all other West Palaearctic Nematinae by the large and sharply angled basal lobe of the bifid tarsal claws, with the distance between the basal lobe and the inner tooth approximately equal to the distance between the two teeth. Females 1. a Hind basitarsus 2–3 times as wide as width of following tarsomere (Fig. 4) b Claws with large subapical tooth close to outer tooth (Fig. 6) c Clypeus emarginate (Fig. 9) d Abdomen nearly always with reddish band, except for some specimens from Ireland ................ ..................................................... (4 species) Nematus septentrionalis group (former Craesus) – aa Hind basitarsus 1.0–1.5 times as wide as width of following tarsomere (Fig. 5) bb Claws simple or with distinct subapical tooth (Figs 6–8) cc Clypeus emarginate or truncate (Figs 9–10) dd Abdomen with or without reddish band ...................................................................................... 2 2. a Abdominal tergum 9 in lateral view usually more than 3 times as long as tergum 8 (Fig. 11) b Valvula 3 very broad at base or throughout in dorsal view, more than 6 times as broad as width of cercus (Fig. 13) c Lancet strongly sclerotized with spine like setae (Fig. 21) d Left and right mandible both tapered regularly towards apex (Fig. 22) e Clypeus emarginate (Fig. 9) f Claws with distinct subapical tooth (Fig. 6) .......................(7 species) Nematinus Rohwer, 1911 – aa Combination of characters not as in a–f; abdominal tergum 9 in lateral view usually less than 2 times as long as tergum 8 (Fig. 12); valvula 3 narrow or broad in dorsal view, variously shaped; cerci often relatively broader (Figs 14–20); lancet weakly or strongly sclerotized with or without spine-like setae; left and right mandible both tapered regularly towards apex (Fig. 22) or left mandible markedly constricted near middle (Fig. 23) and right mandible tapered regularly towards apex (Fig. 22); clypeus emarginate (Fig. 9) or truncate (Fig. 10); claws simple or with subapical tooth (6–8) ................................................................................................................... 3 3. a Valvula 3 with distinct invagination posteriorly or dorsally (Figs 15–17) ................................... 4 – aa Valvula 3 without distinct invagination posteriorly or dorsally (Figs 14, 18–20) ..................... 10 4. a Claws with long subapical tooth close to apical one (bifid) (Fig. 6) ............................................ 5 – aa Claws simple (Fig. 7) or with large or small subapical tooth clearly separated from apical one (Fig. 8) ......................................................................................................................................... 7 5. a Largely black, pale are at most head ventrally and around eyes, abdomen ventrally and apically, and mesepisternum partly b Valvula 3 with deep invagination (Fig. 16) c In most species, valvula 3 in lateral view angled upwards at about 45° to longitudinal axis of abdomen (Fig. 24) d Setae of lancet absent or weakly developed e Body 3–6 mm ........................................................................................ Euura amentorum group – aa–ee Combination of characters not as in a–e; from largely black to nearly completely pale; valvula 3 with shallow or deep invagination, but not angled upwards (Fig. 25); setae of lancet present or absent; body 4–8 mm .................................................................................................. 6 6. a Medial surface of head near antennal sockets not markedly elevated in lateral view and slightly or not angular below median pit (head of “ Amauronematus ” type) (Fig. 26) b Clypeus often deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) c Tangium of lancet without campaniform sensilla (Fig. 28) ............ Euura Newman, 1837 in part – aa Medial surface of head near antennal sockets markedly elevated in lateral view and angular below medial pit (Fig. 27) bb Clypeus usually more or less truncate (Fig. 10) cc Tangium of lancet with campaniform sensilla (Fig. 29) .......... Pristiphora Latreille, 1810 in part 7. a Postocellar area more than 3 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus (Fig. 30) b Clypeus deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) c Head extensively pale (Fig. 30) d Abdomen nearly completely pale e Hind femur and tarsus black ............................ Euura itoi (Okutani, 1955) (central Europe, rare) – aa Postocellar area less than 3 (mostly less than 2.5) times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus (Figs 31, 33) bb Clypeus deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) or truncate (Fig. 10) cc Head extensively pale to completely black dd Abdomen pale to black ee Hind femur and tarsus pale to black ............................................................................................ 8 8. a Clypeus deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) b Hypopygium deeply excised (Fig. 32) c Head extensively pale (Fig. 31) ............................................. Euura imperfecta (Zaddach, 1876) – aa–cc Combination of characters not as in a–c; clypeus deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) or truncate (Fig. 10); hypopygium deeply or not deeply excised; head extensively pale to completely black ..... 9 9. a Clypeus deeply emarginate (Fig. 9) b Body extensively pale c Postocellar area more than 2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus d Lancet without setae ...................................................................... Euura epilosa (Lindqvist, 1970) (rare, in Europe so far only known from Bulgaria and Slovakia) – aa Clypeus usually more or less truncate (Fig. 10) bb Body black to extensively pale cc Postocellar area often less than 2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus (Fig. 33) dd Lancet with or without setae .................................................... Pristiphora Latreille, 1810 in part 10.a Transverso-radial (2r-rs) vein usually at least faintly present in forewing (Fig. 34) b Transverso-costal (Sc) vein usually situated beyond or at point of origin of medius (M) from radius (R) (Fig. 34) c Anterior protibial spur without velum, but with hairs (Fig. 35) d Clypeus emarginate e Claws with distinct subapical tooth f Left and right mandible both tapered regularly towards apex (Fig. 22) g Lancet with 11–12 annuli and with thick setae in middle annuli (Fig. 38) .................................... ................................................................................................................. Dineura Dahlbom, 1835 – aa–gg Combination of characters not as in a–g; transverso-radial (2r-rs) vein rarely present in forewing (aberrant individuals) (Fig. 37); transverso-costal (Sc) vein usually situated before point of origin of medius (M) from radius (R) (Fig. 37); anterior protibial spur usually with velum (Fig. 36); clypeus emarginate or truncate; claws with or without subapical tooth; left mandible markedly constricted near middle (Fig. 23) and right mandible tapered regularly towards apex (Fig. 22) in most species; lancet with 8–30 annuli and with or without setae ............................11 11.a Claws simple (Fig. 7) or with small subapical tooth (Fig. 8) .................................................... 12 – aa Claws with large subapical tooth (Fig. 6) .................................................................................. 22 12.a In dorsal view, valvula 3 broad or narrow, not tapering towards apex, truncate, and with indistinct or distinct invagination (Figs 39–41) ........................................................................................... 7 – aa In dorsal view, valvula 3 narrow along its entire length and without invagination (Figs 41–43); or tapering from base towards apex and without invagination (Figs 44–46); or broad, tapering towards apex but not from base, without invagination but with distinct carina posteriorly (Figs 49, 53) .............................................................................................................................................. 13 13.a Flagellum with white band in middle (Fig. 47) b Middle terga of abdomen usually dorsally reddish and laterally whitish (Fig. 47) c Pterostigma black (Fig. 47) d Valvula 3 long and narrow (Fig. 43) e 9.0–11.0 mm .................................................................................. Euura insignis

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