Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald, Rhodora, 45 (534): 235. 1943. (Poaceae) Naturalized neophyte new to the flora of Emilia-Romagna (Conti et al., 2005; Celesti-Grapow et al., 2009a). ITALY. Emilia-Romagna. Prov. Reggio nell’Emilia: Boretto, river Po E of the bridge, riparian woodland, locally, 13.09.2014, F. Verloove 11000 (BR, MSNM). Muhlenbergia frondosa is a native species in southern Canada and the contiguous U.S.A. (Peterson, 2003). It is only rarely seen outside of its native distribution range. However, in Italy it is known since several decades from Piemonte (Soldano, 1977) where it is naturalized, for instance in riparian woodland alongside river Sesia. In recent years it seems to spread in northern Italy: Bertolli & Prosser (2013) reported about its discovery in Trentino-Alto Adige and in September 2014 it was also detected alongside river Po in Boretto. This species is rather inconspicuous and often very reluctant to flower; it may be more widespread but overlooked.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".