Parapterogramma pollex Kuwahara, Marshall & Luk, 2025, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parapterogramma pollex sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 79D2EBE3-3ABB-4A36-A309-D94AF585ED08 Figs 28–30, 41C, 42 Etymology This species name (from the Latin ‘ pollex ’, ‘thumb’) refers to the distinctive knob-like posterior lobe of the surstylus. Material examined Holotype FIJI – Viti Levu • ♂; 15 km N of Suva, Tholoisuva Watershed; 200 m a.s.l.; 25–31 Aug. 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest; DEBU. Paratypes FIJI – Kadavu • 1 ♂; 0.25 km SW of Solodamu Village, Moanakaka Bird Sanctuary; 19°04′41″ S, 178°07′16″ E; 60 m a.s.l.; 28 May–11 Jun.2003; Schlinger and Tokota’ a leg.; Malaise; BPBM. – Vanua Levu • 1 ♂; Bua, 6 km NW of Kilaka Village, Batiqere Range; 16°48′55″ S, 178°59′11″ E; 146 m a.s.l.; 15–26 Apr. 2004; Schlinger and Tokoka’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM. – Viti Levu • 20 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CNCI • 20 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; DEBU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Naitasiri, Navai Village, Eteni; 17°37′ S, 177°59′ E; 700 m a.s.l.; 6 Jun.–15 Jul. 2003; Irwin, Schlinger, and Tokota’ a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; 4 km WSW of Colo-I-Suva Village, Mount Nakobalevu; 18°03′18″ S, 178°25′26″ E; 372 m a.s.l.; 12–24 Oct. 2002; Timoci leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12–25 Feb. 2003; BPBM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Feb.–17 Mar. 2003; BPBM • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14–28 Jul. 2003; DEBU • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4–14 Nov. 2003; DEBU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18°03′22″ S, 178°25′19″ E; 325 m a.s.l.; 17 Mar.–9 Apr. 2003; BPBM • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14–28 Jul. 2003; BPBM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 4–14 Nov. 2003; DEBU • 1 ♀; Naitasiri, Mount Nakobalevu, below tower near Scaevola in bloom; 18°03′ S, 178°25′ E; 461 m a.s.l.; 22 Sep.–8 Oct. 2002; Irwin, Schlinger, and Tokota’ a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; Naitasiri, 3.5 km N of Veisari Settlement, logging road to Waivudawa; 18°04′05″ S, 178°22′01″ E; 14 Feb.–8 Mar. 2003; 300 m a.s.l.; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Namosi, 2 km SE of Nabukavesi Village, Ocean Pacific Resort; 18°10′16″ S, 178°15′29″ E; 40 m a.s.l.; 5–22 Jun. 2003; Schlinger and Tokota’ a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Jun.–7 Jul. 2003; DEBU • 1 ♂; 10 km N of Galoa; 300 m a.s.l.; 19 Aug.–1 Sep. 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; second forest; DEBU • 2 ♂♂; 10 km N of Ngoloa; 300 m a.s.l.; 29 Aug.–1 Sep. 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; second forest; DEBU • 9 ♂♂; Nandarivitu, Y00 Microwave Station; 1100 m a.s.l.; 16–23 Aug. 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; CNCI • 8 ♂♂; Suva, Tholoisuva Watershed; 25–31 Aug. 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; carrion trap; DEBU • 1 ♂; Vuda, 0.5 km N of Abaca Village, Koroyanitu EcoPark, Mount Evan’s Range; 17°40′01″ S, 177°33′00″ E; 800 m a.s.l.; 26 Nov.–3 Dec. 2002; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; Vuda, 1 km E of Abaca Village, Koroyanitu National Park, Kokabula Trail; 17°40′ S, 177°33′ E; 800 m a.s.l.; 12–19 Nov. 2002; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; DEBU • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Savuione Trail; DEBU. Description BODY (Fig. 28). Length 1.1–1.5 mm. Head caramel-brown, darkened around lateral and posterior margins, with silver-gold microtomentum on interfrontal plates, ocellar triangle, orbital plates, and occiput; gena yellow; antenna caramel-brown. Frontal width 2.0× interfrontal height. Eye height 2.5× genal height. Thorax caramel-brown to dark brown, anepimeron with a pale posterior spot. Scutum with grey brown microtomentum forming indistinct grey longitudinal stripes, lateral margins broadly yellow microtomentose, with pale M-shaped microtomentose mark at level of posterior dorsocentral bristles; scutellum caramel-brown to dark brown with median, grey-brown microtomentose triangle. Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 7–8 rows of acrostichal setulae. Legs brown, tibiae proximally paler, tarsi paler. Male mid tibia with a stout apicoventral bristle and two rows of stout ventral setae. Wing (Fig. 41C) pattern weak. CS2 0.5× CS3. R 2+3 gently sinuate, distal curve much stronger than basal curve and spanning most of vein length, reaching costa at almost a right angle and broadly separating it from costa for most of its length; costa extending well beyond apex of R 4+5 (5–6 × costal width). M 1 indistinct beyond dm-m; M 4 extending beyond dm-m; CuA+CuP long but non-tubular. Halter pale brown. MALE ABDOMEN (Fig. 29). S5 broad with a large, posteromedial emargination, a small triangular posteromedial lobe, and long posterolateral setae. S6 with an elongate, sinuate ventrolateral apodeme extending underneath the medial part of S5; S7 broad. Epandrium small, wedge-shaped and uniformly long-setose; cercus flat, rectangular with several enlarged setulae, ventrally emarginate, mesial edges fused; subepandrial sclerite triangular and ventrally rounded. Surstylus large, bilobed: anterior lobe boxy and ventrally setulose with a short anteroventral protuberance, posterior lobe smaller with dense setulae on the inner surface. Postgonite large, strongly curved, apically bifurcate with a triangular lateral lobe originating at about midlength. Phallapodeme long, tapered, and angled downwards apically; basiphallus long and wedge-shaped with a short, triangular epiphallus. Distiphallus stout, complex and made of several narrow T-shaped dorsolateral and ventral sclerites supporting the membranous apex. FEMALE ABDOMEN (Fig. 30). T6 and T7 well-developed, rectangular and long-setose along posterior margin; T8 split into two large lateral plates, with sparse setation along posterior margin. Epiproct entirely membranous and C-shaped. S6 rectangular; S7 deeply emarginate and long-setose along posterior margin; S8 pentagonal, broadened anteriorly to fit into emargination in S7, and with 6 posteromedial setae. Hypoproct rectangular, largely membranous, and setulose with a pair of posterolateral setae. Spermathecae elongated, ovoid, grooved with an apical invagination, stem long and membranous. Remarks Parapterogramma pollex sp. nov. seems to be most closely related to Pa. matau sp. nov., males of which also have large, long-setose posterolateral lobes on S5 and large lateral lobes on the postgonite. It differs from Pa. matau in having a distinct extension of M 4 beyond dm-m, (usually) smaller size, and lighter colour. Parapterogramma pollex females are more like females of Pa. peckorum sp. nov., which also have a deeply posteromedially concave S7, anteromedially bulging S8, and spermathecae with large, wide invaginations (as opposed to the narrower invaginations in Pa. matau).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".