Perilampus tupa Yoo and Darling 2025, sp. nov.

Perilampus tupa Yoo and Darling sp. nov. Figs 13 [♀], 14[♂] Type Material. Holotype [♀]. Brazil: São Paulo. Luiz Antônio. "BRASIL, SP, Luiz Antônio Est. Ecol. Jatai-Cerrado, 21°35'17.7"S, 47°47'28.2"W Malaise 2 26.xi.2008 550masl NW Perioto & eq. col. UFES#171190". The holotype is point-mounted (♀: ROME144556 - UFES). ROM Online Collection. Paratypes [2 ♀, 1 ♂]. Bolivia: Chuquisaca. Tiguipa (1 ♀: MA Fritz, ROME162504 - ROME). Santa Cruz. Roboré (1 ♀: ROME162503 - USNM). Brazil: Bahia. Barra do Choça, 14°48'57.3"S, 40°30'49.1"W (1 ♂: J Guimarães, ROME143878 - MZSP; BOLD: AEE2355 / ITS2). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 13). Length: 2.9–3.3 mm. Color: head cupreous (Fig. 13F); mesosoma and metasoma iridescent greenish blue, with lateral lobes of mesoscutum cupreous along notaulus (Fig. 13B); clypeus ventral margin black; antenna with scape and pedicel weakly iridescent greenish blue or violet, flagellum dark brown or black, lighter ventrad and distad (Fig. 13G). Head (Fig. 13E–I): in dorsal view weakly transverse, width less than twice length, HW/HL about 1.9. Frontal carina: in anterior view straight to weakly sinuate below midlevel of eye; in dorsal view gradually narrowed V shape around median ocellus, FC/MOD about 1.3 (Fig. 13E); distance from lateral ocellus long, FCLO/LOD about 1.0 (Fig. 13E). Scrobal cavity (Fig. 13G): in anterior view narrow, SW/HW about 0.4. Ocelli (Fig. 13E): a line between anterior margin of lateral ocelli nearly bisecting median ocellus or reaching posterior margin of median ocellus. POL/OOL about 1.5. Ocellar ratios LOD: POL: OOL: LOL: 1, 2.7–2.8, 1.7–1.8, 1.0–1.1. Vertex: smooth to wrinkled or with weak transverse striations, with or without large piliferous punctures. Parascrobal area: in lateral view abruptly narrowed near lower eye margin, 0.2–0.3 EH above lower eye margin (Fig. 13I); width wide, PSW/ EL about 0.4; sculpture smooth or wrinkled, with or without large piliferous punctures. Gena: with wide and long smooth area along outer eye margin, striate behind. Malar space: MSL/EH about 0.2. Lower face: with setae sparse laterad torulus, and sparse or dense below. Clypeus (Fig. 13H): CW/ CH 1.3–1.5; ventral margin concave; with wide bare area without seta near dorsal margin, often extending ventrad along lateral margin. Mesosoma (Fig. 13B–D): Lateral panel of pronotum: slightly narrower than prepectus, LPP/PPT about 0.8; without flange or with small, rounded flange below level of mesothoracic spiracle in posterior oblique view (Fig.13C). Mesofemoral depression: smooth. Mesoscutum: punctures angulate, with narrow and weakly coriarious interspaces (Fig. 13B); lateral lobe smooth along notaulus; parascutal carina broadly curved, acuminate. Mesoscutellum: apex with inner margins gradually diverging; punctures angulate, with narrow and weakly coriarious interspaces. Axilla (Fig. 13D): in lateral view imbricate dorsad, and carinate ventrad.Axillula: smooth dorsad. Fore wing: stigma small, 2.0–2.5× as wide as postmarginal vein width. MALE (Fig. 14). Length: 2.8 mm. As in female, except: Color: mesonotum darker, and mesoscutellum weakly cupreous laterad. Frontal carina (Fig. 14B): distance from lateral ocellus shorter, FCLO/LOD about 0.8. Scape (Fig. 14G): pits sparse mesad and ventrad, and dense dorsad and laterad, covering about 0.2× scape length. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Tupã, the god of creation, in the mythology of the Guarani people, one of the major indigenous groups in South America. Diagnosis. Perilampus tupa has a parascrobal area that is abruptly narrowed near the lower eye margin (Figs 13I, 14E), a narrow frontal carina that is gradually narrowed around the median ocellus (Figs 13E, 14B), a long distance between the frontal carina and lateral ocellus (about 0.9–1.0 LOD for females; about 0.8 LOD for males), and a cupreous head and dorsal side of lateral lobes of mesoscutum (Fig. 13B). Distribution. Neotropical: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Bahia, São Paulo). Host association. Unknown. Remarks. Perilampus tupa is hypothesized as the sister species of P. arasy —both species have a narrow frontal carina around the median ocellus and a long distance between the frontal carina and lateral ocellus in contrast to P. falcatus (Figs 13E, 14B, 15E, 16B cf. Figs 11E, 12B). These two species can be differentiated based on the shape of the frontal carina around the median ocellus, which is gradually narrowed in P. tupa (Figs 13E, 14B) and abruptly narrowed in P. arasy (Figs 15E, 16B). They also differ in body coloration: P. tupa has a cupreous head and the lateral lobes of mesoscutum, whereas P. arasy has a greenish blue to violet body without cupreous iridescence (Fig. 13B, F cf. Fig. 15B, F).

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