Locharcha Meyrick 1923

Genus Locharcha Meyrick Type species Locharcha emicans Meyrick by monotypy Locharcha opportuna Moreira and Becker, new species (Figures 1–8) Type material BRAZIL: Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata (CPCN Pró- Mata; 29°29 ʹ 16 ″ S, 50°10 ʹ 60 ″ W; 925 m), São Francisco de Paula Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. Adults preserved dried and pinned, reared by the senior author from galls induced by Palaeomystella fernandesi Moreira & Becker (Lepidoptera: Momphidae) on Tibouchina sellowiana (Cham.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae): LMCI 174, 26 March 2012, by G.R.P. Moreira, F.A. Luz and P. Pollo; LMCI 210, 7–9 March 2013 by G.R.P. Moreira, F.A. Luz and L.T. Pereira. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (LMCI 210–189), donated to DZUP (29.418). PARATYPES: 1 ♂ (LMCI 210–45), 2 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–179 and 193), donated to DZUP (29.419, 29.420 and 29.421, respectively); 1 ♂ (LMCI 174–180), 2 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–40 and 210–57), donated to MCNZ (81.904, 81.905 and 81.906, respectively); 1 ♂ (LMCI 174–187), 2 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–41 and 176), donated to MCTP (36.227, 36.228 and 36.229, respectively); 1 ♂ (LMCI 210–64), 2 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–194 and 196), donated to VOB. Other specimens examined With the same collection data, deposited in LMCI. Adults, dried and pinned: 6 ♂♂ (LMCI 174–174, 177, 182, 191, 210–62; 174–170, with genitalia in glycerine GRPM 50–24), 5 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–185, 188, 195, 210–46; 174–171, with genitalia in glycerine GRPM 50–25). Adults, fixed in Dietrich’ s fluid, preserved in 70% ethanol: 2 ♂♂ (LMCI 174–206 and 207, with genitalia in glycerine GRPM 50–68 and 69, respectively); 2 ♀♀ (LMCI 174–210 and 211, with genitalia in glycerine GRPM 50–70 and 71, respectively). Slide preparations, mounted in Canada balsam: genitalia, 1 ♂ (GRPM 50–63), 2 ♀♀ (GRPM 50–64 and 65); wings, 2 ♂♂ (GRPM 50–59 and 60), 2 ♀♀ (GRPM 50–61 and 62); 2 last-instar larvae (GRPM 59–66 and 67). Immature stages, fixed in Dietrich’ s fluid and preserved in 70% ethanol: 12 last-instar larvae (LCMI 174–55); 9 pupae (LMCI 174–216); 6 dissected galls (LMCI 174–217 to 222). In tissue collection, nine larvae (LMCI 174–53 and 57) fixed and preserved in 100% ethanol, at −20°C. Diagnosis A gelechiid lineage with larvae, pupae and adults having a clear affinity with the Teleiodini (sensu Lee and Brown 2008). It is assigned to the (formerly) monotypic genus Locharcha Meyrick, in having males with very similar wing venation patterns, and a strongly asymmetrical valva associated with a dome-shaped tegumen (Clarke 1969). Locharcha opportuna differs from L. emicans Meyrick in having a different wing colour pattern, uncus subtrapezoidal, tegumen longer than wide, and saccus not developed. It is close to Coleotechnites Chambers, sharing males with an asymmetrical valve, and females with a single spiny, wedge-shaped signum. Locharcha opportuna differs from the species of Coleotechnites in several characteristics: (1) fore wings with veins R 4 stalked to R 5, and M 2 stalked to M 3; (2) hind wings with vein R5 separate from M1, and M2 separate from M3; (3) males without hair pencil in anal area of hind wings; (4) females with anterior margin of sterigma asymmetrical, projecting anteriorly as a process on the left side. Description Adult (Figures 1–4). Male and female similar in size and colour. Small moth, with fore wing length varying from 5.33 to 7.15 mm (n = 8). Head (Figure 1B): Frons and vertex mostly cream-white; labial palpus mostly with cream-white scales tipped with dark grey, terminal segments angled slightly upward; antennae dark grey; proboscis yellowish brown. Vestiture moderately smooth. Eye relatively large, rounded; vertical diameter subequal to interocular distance across frons. Ocellus absent. Antenna filiform, longer than half fore wing; flagellomeres completely encircled by single, dense row of slender scales. Clypeus with ventral margin broadly truncate. Pilifers well developed, triangular. Proboscis ~ length of labial palpus. Maxillary palpus short, smoothly scaled, 4-segmented, bent anteriorly and upward. Labial palpi three-segmented, long, bent anteriorly and upward; ratio of segments from base ~1.0: 3.4: 3.4. Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum mostly cream-white, mottled with sparse yellowish scales; tegula with darkgrey scales anteriorly; prothoracic and mesothoracic legs mostly dark grey; metathoracic legs lighter, mostly covered with cream-white scales tipped with dark grey. Fore wings (Figures 1A, 2A): dorsally covered with dark-grey scales along anterior portion and with cream-white scales on posterior margin, forming two wide, irregularly shaped, longitudinal bands; the cream-white band, mottled with yellowish scales; ventrally covered by darkish-grey scales; fringe yellowish; lanceolate, with 12 veins; L/W index ~ 4.3; retinaculum subcostal, with secondary, adjacent subradial setae in female; discal cell closed, ~ 0.63× length of fore wing; Sc ending circa middle anterior margin; R 5-branched; R 1 ending near two-thirds of wing margin; R 4 and R 5 stalked c.1/2 distance from the cell apex; R 4+5 and M 1 separate; M 3-branched; M 2 and M 3 stalked near cubitus; CuA 2-branched; 1A +2A forked basally, extending more than half length of posterior margin. Hind wings (Figures 1A, 2A): light grey on both sides; fringe mostly light grey and yellowish on anterior and posterior margins, respectively; with 9 veins, with a parallel-sided hair pencil at base of anal area; L/W index ~ 4.4, ~ 0.76 fore wing in length; frenulum a single acanthus in male, with two parallel-sided acanthi in female; discal cell closed, ~ 0.63× length of fore wing; Sc+R 1 ending at circa onethird of anterior margin; Rs ending circa two-thirds of anterior margin; M 3- branched, with M 1, M 2 and M 3 separate; CuA 2-branched, CuA 1 and CuA 2 separate; CuP weakly sclerotized, ending at one-third of posterior margin; 1A +2A well developed, ending near basis of posterior margin. Legs with tibial spur pattern 0–2–4; epiphysis present. Abdomen: Mostly covered by cream-white scales; pregenital segments unmodified. Male genitalia (Figures 2B, 3A–E). Uncus (Figure 3A) small, subtrapezoidal, subequal in length to gnathos and with distal margin setose; tegumen dome-shaped, basal width/length ratio c.0.45; gnathos (Figure 3B) falcate; costal part of left valva (Figure 3C) with bulbous base and distal part slender, long and curved; in locus (Figure 2B), the distal part directed first to the right, and then upward, contouring the tegumen dorsally; saccular part of valve absent; right valve not detected; siccae (Figure 3D) symmetrical, curved mesally and setose, with the aedeagus anchored mesially; phallic fulcrum cylindrical (Figures 3D, E), middle-sized, with distal margin ventrally pointed; vesica without cornuti; saccus not developed. Female genitalia (Figures 2C, D, 4A, B). Anal papillae laterally compressed, forming a narrow terminal, setose lobe; apophyses posteriores c.3× length of apophyses anteriores; sterigma with anterior margin asymmetrical; tergum projecting anteriorly on the left side as a pointed process (Figures 2D, E, 4A); sternum deeply and narrowly emarginated medially, bearing the ostium bursae on anterior, rounded portion, located on the left ventral side; ductus bursae membranous, shorter than corpus bursae, with ductus seminalis inserted medially; corpus bursae an elongate sac, wall covered by small, stout spines and bearing anteriorly a single spiny, wedgeshaped, centrally constricted signum (Figure 4B). Etymology. From the Latin opportunus [= opportunist]; feminine. Immature stages Last larval instar (Figures 5, 6). Body length varying from 3.9 to 5.72 mm (n = 7). Endophyllous, semiprognathous and tissue-feeder. Head, thorax and abdomen with setae well developed. Head: light brown (Figure 5C), smooth (Figure 6A); frons subequal in height and width, extending to circa one-half epicranial notch (Figure 5A, C); labrum (Figure 6B) shallowly notched, with six pairs of setae of unequal size; six stemmata (Figure 6C) arranged in C-shaped configuration. Chaetotaxy (Figure 5A): A group trisetose; L group unisetose; P group bisetose; C group bisetose; F group unisetose; AF group bisetose; S group trisetose; SS group trisetose. A1, A3, P1, P2, S2 and S3 about equal in length, longest setae on head; C1, C2, F1, A2, AF2, L1 intermediate in length; AF1 shorter. Antenna (Figure 6D) twosegmented; mandibles (Figure 6B) broad, with four teeth and two unequal setae on outer surface; labium (Figure 6E) with two-segmented palpi, each bearing a seta; first segment c.8× longer than second segment; spinneret parallel-sided; maxilla (Figure 6F) prominent. Thorax and abdomen (Figure 5B–D). Prothoracic shield (Figure 5C) dark brown, divided longitudinally by indistinct, unpigmented area; anterior and posterior half of mesothoracic, metathoracic and abdominal segments white and violet, respectively, giving a banded appearance to the larva (Figure 5D); pinacula small, fuscous; anal plate (Figure 5D) dark brown; anal fork black, with three major pairs of prongs; thoracic legs (Figure 5D) dark brown, with a pair of broad bladelike setae (Figure 6G) ventrolateral to terminal claw. Prolegs (Figure 6I) on A3–A6 and A10 of equal size; crochets in a biordinal, uniserial circle, mesial penellipse. Thorax chaetotaxy: T1 with D group bisetose, both located on the dorsal shield, D1 shorter than D2; XD group bisetose, similar in length and both on the dorsal shield; SD bisetose, laterally on the dorsal shield; L group trisetose, L1 longer than L2; SV group bisetose, posteroventral to L2, SV1 slightly longer than SV2; V group unisetose. T2 and T3 with D and SD groups bisetose; SD2 shorter than SD1; L trisetose, L3 posterior to L1–L2, similar in length to L1; SV unisetose; V unisetose. Abdomen chaetotaxy: D group bisetose; A1–A9 with D2 slightly longer than D1, and A10 with D1 and D2 similar in size; A1–A8 with SD group unisetose, A10 with SD1 and SD2 similar in

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