Bibliographic record
Abstract
51. Lycaenidae – gossamer wings (coppers, hairstreaks, and blues) Members of the family Lycaenidae are small butterflies with forelegs that are not functional for walking. Tibial spurs are reduced to one pair or are absent. Structural blue and copper colors are prevalent. Eyes are indented next to the antennae, and the face is much taller than wide. Males often have distinct patches of androconial scales on the dorsal wing surfaces. Most larvae are plant feeders, but a few are lichen feeders; some are carnivorous on ant broods or Homoptera. Several species have complex chemically mediated interactions with ants. The family Lycaenidae as currently recognized comprises five subfamilies (Ackery et al. 1999). Over 6000 species are known worldwide, with the greatest diversity in the tropics. One hundred and fifty-eight species are known from North America; 39 species are known from AB. The three tribes within Lycaeninae have been treated as separate subfamilies by many authors, e.g., Layberry et al. (1998).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.054 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".