Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copelatus nakamurai Guéorguiev, 1970 Source of material. The two instar II and five instar III larvae studied were reared ex ovo from adults collected at the following locality: Japan. Kasamatshu-cho, Mudoji, Gifu Prefecture, 4.V.2018. Y. Yoshimura, leg. Diagnosis (instar III). The third instar of Copelatus nakamurai can easily be distinguished from that of the other species studied in this paper by the following combination of characters: HL = 0.80 mm; L3 <2.00 mm; U <0.40 mm; head capsule subquadrate, strongly constricted at level of occipital region (Fig. 28), scale-like sculpticels lacking over frontoclypeus, present over parietale; anterior margin of frontoclypeus narrowly convex, extending mesally well beyond adnasalia (Fig. 28); adnasalia margined with elongate acute teeth (Fig. 64); MP2/MP1> 1.50; GA/MP1> 1.50; 1.30 <LP2/LP1 <1.90; inner margin of stipes lacking a dorsal linear row of spinulae; profemur with less than 3 PV and 4 AV secondary setae; metafemur with less than 3 AV secondary setae; urogomphus composed of one urogomphomere; U/HW <0.40; U/LAS <0.50; Palaearctic. Description, instar II Body: Measurements and ratios aimed to characterize body shape are shown in Table 4. Head: Head capsule subquadrate, strongly constricted at level of occiput; anterior margin of frontoclypeus narrowly convex, extending well beyond level of adnasalia; scale-like sculpticels lacking over frontoclypeus, welldeveloped over parietale; adnasalia margined with elongate acute teeth (see Fig. 64); HL = 0.61 mm; A/MP = 1.49; MP/LP = 2.06; MP2/MP1 = 1.60; GA/MP1 = 1.91; LP2/LP1 = 2.24; MNL/MNW = 3.11. Thorax: L3 = 1.23 mm. Abdomen: LAS = 0.45 mm; LAS subcylindrical, slightly constricted posteriorly at point of insertion of urogomphi. Urogomphus: U = 0.26 mm, composed of one urogomphomere; U/HW = 0.41; U/LAS = 0.58. Chaetotaxy: Parietale with 8 temporal spines; position and number of secondary setae on legs are shown in Table 5. Description, instar III (Figs 28–29, 64). As second-instar larva except as follows: Body: Measurements and ratios aimed to characterize body shape are shown in Table 6. Head (Figs 28, 64): HL = 0.81–0.84 mm; A/MP = 1.42–1.46; MP/LP = 2.02–2.25; MP2/MP1 = 1.51–1.74; GA/MP1 = 1.75–1.99; LP2/LP1 = 1.55–1.78; MNL/MNW = 2.85–2.98. Thorax: L3 = 1.66–1.72 mm. Abdomen (Fig 29): LAS = 0.66–0.69 mm; Urogomphus, U = 0.31–0.33 mm, composed of one urogomphomere; U/HW = 0.35–0.38; U/LAS = 0.45–0.49. Chaetotaxy: Parietale with 9–10 temporal spines; position and number of secondary setae on legs are shown in Table 7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".