Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prochyliza brevicornis Melander NBP/NIS material examined. 13 ♂, 7 ♀ from Manitoba: Churchill (vi–vii.1962; vii–viii.1961; vi.1967; vii.1969) (CNC). Comments. Prochyliza brevicornis is a widespread Nearctic species (Melander 1924; Steyskal 1965; McAlpine 1977). The NIS specimens extend the known range of P. brevicornis northeast. Diversity and distribution patterns A total of 960 specimens was collected by the NBP and NIS at the 12 sites in the boreal, subarctic and high arctic ecozones. There were distinct latitudinal patterns in diversity across the three ecozones (Fig. 12). Abundance and species richness of Piophilidae were lowest in the boreal sites. Only 13 specimens representing five species were collected (Liopiophila varipes, Parapiophila atrifrons, P. dudai, P. penicillata, P. xanthopoda). All species collected in the boreal were also collected in the subarctic (Fig. 12). In contrast, species richness of Piophilidae was highest at the subarctic sites. All but one species (Arctopiophila nigerrima) were collected in the subarctic ecozone. Some species collected in multiple ecozones were much more abundant in the subarctic sites (e.g., Liopiophila varipes, Neopiophila setaluna, Parapiophila penicillata) (Fig. 12). Although Actenoptera hilarella was collected only in subarctic sites in this study, published records (McAlpine 1977) show that it is more widespread in the Nearctic, although rarely collected. Piophilidae were most abundant at the high arctic sites (701 specimens), but species richness was low. Five species were collected: Arctopiophila arctica, Arctopiophila nigerrima, Lasiopiophila pilosa, Neopiophila setaluna and Parapiophila fulviceps. Arctopiophila nigerrima was collected only at high arctic sites and A. arctica, L. pilosa and P. fulviceps were much more abundant at high arctic than subarctic sites (Fig. 12). The dominance of these species in the high arctic suggests that they may be particularly well-adapted to the harsh conditions on the arctic islands (Downes 1962; McAlpine 1965), although a better understanding of their ecology would be required to identify those adaptations. Half of the recorded Nearctic species of Piophilidae were identified in the 12 sites sampled in this study, including a new, widespread Holarctic species, and two new North American records. We are aware of additional, undescribed species from other northern sites. A taxonomic revision of Nearctic Piophilidae is ongoing, which will allow for a more comprehensive analysis of geographic patterns of diversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".