Dibrachys microgastri Bouche 1834

Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché, 1834) (Figs 7a, 7 d, 8a, 8d, 9a, 9d) Diplolepis microgastri Bouché, 1834: 168, neotype female in ZMH, present designation. Syntypes presumed lost (see Graham, 1969: 811). Pteromalus cavus Walker, 1835: 477 –478, lectotype female in BMNH (B.M. TYPE no. 5.2987), designated by Graham (1969: 811) (examined by Peters); syn. n. Pteromalus decedens Walker, 1835: 478, lectotype female in BMNH (B.M. TYPE no. 5.2988), designated by Graham (1969: 811) (examined by Peters); synonymized with D. cavus by Graham (1956: 261, but see also Graham, 1969: 811); syn. n. Pteromalus albinervis Ratzeburg, 1844: 199, name-bearing types presumed destroyed (see comment of Graham (1969: 811) for P. tenuis Ratzeburg, 1844 and P. boucheanus Ratzeburg, 1844); synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov (1913: 11); syn. n. Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg, 1844: 196, name-bearing types presumed destroyed (Graham, 1969: 811); Dibrachys boucheanus, combination by Thomson (1878); synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211); syn. n. Pteromalus boarmiae Walker in Newman, 1863: 8609 –8610 (English description accidentally transposed, see comment of Graham (1969: 812)), lectotype female in BMNH (B.M. TYPE no. 5.2989), designated by Graham (1969: 812) (examined by Peters); syn. n. Pteromalus tenuis Ratzeburg, 1844: 195, name-bearing types presumed destroyed (Graham, 1969: 811); synonymized with P. boucheanus by Ratzeburg (1848: 189); syn. n. Pteromalus zelleri Ratzeburg, 1848: 190, name-bearing types presumed destroyed (see comment of Graham (1969: 811) for P. tenuis Ratzeburg, 1844 and P. boucheanus Ratzeburg, 1844); synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov (1913: 11); syn. n. Pteromalus vesparum Ratzeburg, 1852: 233, name-bearing types presumed destroyed (see Graham, 1969: 809); synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov (1913: 11); syn. n. Cleonymus clisiocampae Fitch, 1856: 431 –432, syntype female and male in USNM (USNM type no. 1831) (examined by Peters); synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), but considered valid by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Cheiropachus nigrocyaneus Norton, 1869: 327, syntype females in USNM (USNM type no. 61079) (examined by Peters); Pachyneuron nigrocyaneum, combination by Ashmead (1888); synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Girault (1916b: 408), with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), and subsequently with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Eupelmus cereanus Rondani, 1876: 38, 40, lectotype female in MZUF (no. 32), designated by Bouček (1974: 247) (examined by Peters); synonymized with D. cavus by Delucchi (1955: 174); syn. n. Pteromalus gelechiae Webster, 1883: 151, lectotype male in INHS (INHS Insect Collection 213,068), designated by Frison (1927: 220) (examined by Peters); nine paralectotypes in INHS (one female labeled “lectoallotype”, INHS Insect Collection 213,069; four males and four females labeled “ paratypes ”, INHS Insect Collection 257,879–257,886) (examined by Peters); synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Girault (1916b: 408), with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), and subsequently with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Pteromalus chionobae Howard, 1889: 1889, syntypes in USNM (USNM type no. 2673) (examined by Peters); synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Girault (1916b: 408), with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), and subsequently with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Arthrolytus apatelae Ashmead, 1893: 162, syntypes in USNM (USNM type no. 26215 examined by Peters); Dibrachys apatelae, combination by Girault (1916b); synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Arthrolytus pimplae Ashmead, 1894: 339, syntypes in USNM (USNM type no. 2182) (examined by Peters); synonymized with Arthrolytus apatelae by Girault (1916a: 297; 1916b: 408), with D. cavus by Gahan (1938: 211), and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar (1987: 204); syn. n. Trichomalus truyilloi Blanchard, 1938: 178, name-bearing types unknown; synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan (1942: 45); syn. n. Tritneptis elegans Szelényi, 1981: 178, holotype female in HNHM (Hym. Typ. nr. 6821) (examined by Peters); assigned to Dibrachys by Bouček & Rasplus (1991); syn. n. Diagnosis. Both sexes. Eyes large, eye height greater than 2.0x POL. Head and mesosoma mostly with distinct metallic coloration, predominantly green or dark green (Figs 7a, 7 d, 8a, 9a), but sometimes distinctly blue or with distinct blue tinge on mesoscutum. Female. Gaster long and eyes elongate, gaster length usually greater than 4.05x eye breadth (3.88–5.43, but only 6 of 114 ≤ 4.05) (Figs 6, 7a, Table 7). Outer margin of eyes straight or slightly to distinctly emarginate (Fig. 7a). Stigmal vein short compared to marginal vein, marginal vein usually 2.0x or more stigmal vein (1.62–2.86, but only 11 of 121 <2.0) (Fig. 8 d). Mouth narrow, head breadth greater than 2.0x mouth breadth (Fig. 7 d). Male. Scape and pedicel apically both without lobe on outer side (Fig. 9 d). Gastral spot absent to distinct (Fig. 9a). group min. 1st quartile median 3rd quartile max. N lignicola 3.54 3.63 3.73 3.87 4.05 44 cavus 3.88 4.50 4.72 4.90 5.43 113 head breadth / stigmal vein group min. 1st quartile median 3rd quartile max. N lignicola 3.46 3.94 4.16 4.32 4.73 44 cavus 3.71 4.40 4.69 5.06 5.83 113 Description. FEMALE (Figs 7a, 7 d, 8a, 8d). Body length 1700–2950 μm. Head (Figs 7a, 7 d). Eyes large and elongate, sometimes kidney shaped, outer margin straight or slightly to distinctly emarginate; eye 1.39–1.83x as high as broad; eye height 2.05–2.59x POL. Level of lower margin of antennal toruli at level of lower ocular line. Clypeus distinctly striate vertically, though less distinct towards lower margin. Lower face only moderately receding. Mouth narrow, head breadth 2.04–2.83x mouth breadth, mouth breadth 1.73–2.95x malar space. POL 1.55–2.31x OOL. First anellus transverse, second anellus slightly longer than broad; first funicular segment slightly longer than broad, second to fifth quadrate, and sixth slightly transverse; flagellum 0.61–0.80x head breadth. Mesosoma (Fig. 8a). Mesoscutum and scutellum slightly convex in lateral view. Mesoscutum 0.46–0.68x as long as broad. Reticulation coarse, 11.7–14.5 meshes/200 μm in anterior part of mesoscutum, sometimes finer on scutellum than on mesoscutum. Marginal rim of scutellum only moderately turned upwards. Plicae weak and straight; median carina occasionally missing or interrupted. Wings (Fig. 8 d). Wings hyaline; stigmal vein short, marginal vein 1.62–2.86x stigmal vein; submarginal vein 1.4–2.2x marginal vein. Metasoma (Fig. 7a). Gaster varying from almost as long as to longer than head plus mesosoma; elongate and pointed; length 3.88–5.43x eye breadth. Tergites smooth, weakly alutaceous in apical half of gaster and with strong hairs, especially in apical half; sternites with few hairs. Hypopygium. See Table 8 (characters used by Doganlar 1987). Color (Figs 7a, 7 d, 8a, 8d). Head and mesosoma very variable, but head and dorsal surface of mesosoma always with distinct metallic coloration or black with distinct metallic tinge. Antenna varying from yellow to dark brown. Ventral surface of mesosoma black or dark brown with slight metallic tinge or with distinct metallic coloration. Venation of wings testaceous to distinctly brown. Procoxa usually concolorous with mesosoma; meso- and metacoxa sometimes concolorous with mesosoma, but mostly brown. Trochanters, femora and tibiae varying from yellow to dark brown. Tarsi varying from pale yellow to brown, segments 4 and 5 of metatarsus usually darker than others. Gaster dark brown and shiny. MALE (Figs 9a, 9 d). Similar to female except as follows. Smaller, body length 1450–2360 μm. Head. Eyes not emarginate and more circular in shape; eye height 2.11–2.60x POL. Level of lower margin of antennal toruli slightly above lower ocular line. Scape and pedicel apically without lobe on outer side. Metasoma. Gaster distinctly shorter than rest of body, 0.63–0.93x length of head plus mesosoma; elongate, not distinctly pointed, broader than in female. Color. Head always with distinct metallic coloration. Antenna varying from yellow to brown, clava sometimes a little darker than rest. Mesoscutum always with distinct green or blue metallic coloration; scutellum often with distinct bronze or gold-bronze. Coxae usually brown, sometimes at least in part concolorous with mesosoma. Gaster brown with light testaceous spot on ventral side of anterior segments (“gastral spot”) absent to distinct, and if distinct then also visible in dorsal view. Material examined. Neotype female (hereby designated): Germany: Schleswig-Holstein: Halstenbek, garden of Langkoppelweg 24, N53.6197 E9.8283 (WGS84), reared from cocoon of Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), leg. L. Krogmann 26/04/2006, det. R. Peters 2009. Deposited at ZMH (A, 1 female). Other material: Afghanistan: Chakav, labeled “Chakav, C.I.B.C.”, reared from “larva boring in branches of Juglans regia ” (A, 2 females) (BMNH) (det. Dibrachys sp.). Algeria: Delassus (?), reared from Lobesia botrana (A, 9 females, 3 males) (BMNH) (det. D. cavus). Australia: Victoria, reared from Galleria mellonella (A, 1 female) (BMNH) (det. D. boarmiae); Victoria, reared from Cydia molesta, originally identified as D. australia, Korr. Bouček (A, 2 females, 1 male) (BMNH) (det. D. boarmiae). Bulgaria: reared from Cephus sp. (A, 3 females) (BMNH) (det. D. cavus). Canada: British Columbia: Burnaby, reared from Eutromula pariana, leg. Doganlar 10/ 09/1977 (all 7 females A (ZSM 01–07), 3 males) (ZSM) (det. D. clisiocampae); British Columbia: Burnaby, reared from Apanteles longicauda, leg. 01/09/1977 (A, 1 female) (MDC) (det. D. clisiocampae); British Columbia: Burnaby, reared from Apanteles sp., leg. 30/08/1977 (1 male) (MDC) (det. D. boarmiae). Croatia: Rovinj, reared from Diptera puparium (8 females, 1 male) (ZMH) (det. D. cavus). Cyprus: reared from stored wheat (A, 9

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