Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copelatus parallelus Zimmermann, 1920 Source of material. All larvae studied were reared ex ovo from were adults collected at the following locality: Japan. Kyoto Prefecture. Uji-gawa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto Prefecture, 34°55’08.8”N 135°45’28.3”E, 6.XI.2016; K. Watanabe leg. Diagnosis (instar III). The third instar of Copelatus parallelus can easily be distinguished from that of the other species studied in this paper by the following combination of characters: HL = 0.80 mm; L3 <2.00 mm; U = 0.40 mm; head capsule subquadrate, strongly constricted at level of occipital region (Fig. 48), scale-like sculpticels present over frontoclypeus and parietale; anterior margin of frontoclypeus broadly convex, extending mesally at about level of adnasalia (Fig. 48); adnasalia margined with strong acute teeth (Fig. 64); MP2/MP1> 1.50; GA/MP1> 1.50; 1.30 0.40; U/LAS> 0.60; Palaearctic. Description, instar I (Figs 34–47) Body: Measurements and ratios aimed to characterize body shape are shown in Table 2. Head (Figs 34–42): HL = 0.43 mm; Head capsule subquadrate, strongly constricted at level of occiput; occipital suture absent; anterior margin of frontoclypeus broadly convex extending beyond level of adnasalia mesally; scale-like sculpticels well-developed over frontoclypeus and parietale; adnasalia margined with strong acute teeth; occipital carina absent; A/MP = 1.27; MP/LP = 2.30; MP2/MP1 = 2.17; GA/MP1 = 2.60; LP2/LP1 = 2.74; MNL/ MNW = 3.66. Thorax (Figs 43–44): L3 = 0.80 mm. Abdomen (Figs 45–47): LAS = 0.32 mm; LAS subconical, slightly constricted posteriorly at point of insertion of urogomphi. Urogomphus: U = 0.17 mm, composed of one urogomphomere; U/HW = 0.36; U/LAS = 0.52. Chaetotaxy (Figs 34–47): Position and number of additional setae on legs are shown in Table 3 and Figs 43–44. Description, instar II. As for first-instar larva except as follows: Body: Measurements and ratios aimed to characterize body shape are shown in Table 4. Head: Anterior margin of frontoclypeus extending mesally at about same level of adnasalia; adnasalia margined with strong acute teeth (see Fig. 64); occipital suture present; HL = 0.56 mm; A/MP = 1.39; MP/LP = 2.24; MP2/ MP1 = 1.86; GA/MP1 = 2.44; LP2/LP1 = 2.12; MNL/MNW = 3.55. Thorax: L3 = 1.07 mm. Abdomen: LAS = 0.41 mm. Urogomphus: U = 0.18 mm, composed of one urogomphomere; U/HW = 0.30; U/LAS = 0.45. Chaetotaxy: Parietale with 7 temporal spines; position and number of secondary setae on legs are shown in Table 5. Description, instar III (Figs 48–51, 64). As second-instar larva except as follows: Body: Measurements and ratios aimed to characterize body shape are shown in Table 6. Head (Figs 48, 64): HL = 0.78 mm; A/MP = 1.29; MP/LP = 2.38; MP2/MP1 = 1.69; GA/MP1 = 1.82; LP2/LP1 = 1.67; MNL/MNW = 3.07. Thorax (Figs 50–51): L3 = 1.47 mm. Abdomen (Fig. 49): LAS = 0.61 mm; U = 0.40 mm; U/HW = 0.50; U/LAS = 0.65. Chaetotaxy: Parietale with 7 temporal spines. Position and number of secondary setae on legs are shown in Figs 50–51 and Table 7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".